One of the lecturers discussed the complications that patients may have while on IV therapy. Which of the following is the most common Complication that IV patients may contract while on IV therapy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phlebitis is the most common complication that patients may contract while on IV therapy. Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein where the IV is inserted, which can cause redness, pain, and swelling along the vein. It can be caused by mechanical irritation, chemical irritation, or infection from the IV catheter. Prompt removal of the IV catheter and appropriate treatment are necessary to manage phlebitis and prevent further complications. While embolism, cardiac overload, and aneurysm are potential complications of IV therapy, phlebitis is more commonly seen in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute splenic sequestration crisis is a complication seen in patients with sickle cell disease characterized by the sudden pooling of sickled red blood cells in the spleen, leading to splenic enlargement, severe anemia, and hypovolemic shock. This pooling results in a rapid drop in hemoglobin levels, causing anemia. The spleen's sequestration of large numbers of red blood cells can cause a sudden rise in the number of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) in the blood (reticulocytosis). The destruction of these trapped red blood cells in the spleen leads to hemolysis, evidenced by elevated indirect bilirubin levels and the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants of erythrocytes) on peripheral blood smear. Patients may present with severe abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, and signs of hemodynamic instability, which

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phlebitis is the most common complication that patients may contract while on IV therapy. Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein where the IV is inserted, which can cause redness, pain, and swelling along the vein. It can be caused by mechanical irritation, chemical irritation, or infection from the IV catheter. Prompt removal of the IV catheter and appropriate treatment are necessary to manage phlebitis and prevent further complications. While embolism, cardiac overload, and aneurysm are potential complications of IV therapy, phlebitis is more commonly seen in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's appropriate response is to provide the requested information clearly and directly. In this case, the client asked for the time, so the best response is to say "It is 10 o'clock" to answer their question promptly. Options A, C, and D do not address the client's question and may be perceived as dismissive or unhelpful.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should inform the public that rabies can be prevented. This is an extremely important piece of information to help raise awareness about the disease and promote preventive measures such as timely vaccination of both animals and humans. Rabies is a deadly viral infection that affects the central nervous system, and prevention through vaccination is highly effective in controlling its spread. By emphasizing the preventability of rabies, the nurse can educate the public on the importance of taking proactive steps to avoid contracting the disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The constellation of symptoms presented (periorbital edema, hypertension, proteinuria) along with the laboratory findings (elevated creatinine and urea levels, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis) are classical signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, the kidneys gradually lose their function over time, leading to impaired filtration of waste products and electrolyte imbalance. The presence of hypertension and proteinuria are common in CKD due to the compromised renal function. Additionally, elevated serum creatinine and urea levels, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis are indicative of kidney dysfunction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A district hospital is an example of a secondary health facility. Secondary health facilities are the intermediate level of healthcare services, providing a higher level of care compared to primary health facilities like rural health units and barangay health stations. District hospitals typically offer more specialized medical services, diagnostic facilities, and inpatient care that are not available at lower-level health facilities. When Nurse Vince refers a patient to a district hospital, it means that the patient requires more extensive and specialized medical care beyond what can be provided at the primary level of care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Endocrine changes in a bulimic patient, such as Sherry, can lead to disruptions in the pituitary gland's function. Hypopituitarism refers to a disorder in which the pituitary gland does not produce one or more of its hormones adequately. This can result in hormonal imbalances and have various effects on the body's functions. In Sherry's case, developing hypopituitarism would be an expected change due to the endocrine disruptions associated with bulimia. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor and address these endocrine changes in bulimic patients to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct information about the nature of dengue fever that the nurse should relay to the community is that it could be deadly but preventable. Dengue fever is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti mosquito. While many cases of dengue fever are mild, it can also lead to severe dengue, which can be life-threatening if not properly managed. However, preventive measures such as using mosquito repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites for mosquitoes can significantly reduce the risk of contracting dengue fever. Therefore, it is important for the community to be aware that while dengue fever can be deadly, it is also preventable with appropriate measures.