One of the following is not among causes of normocytic normochromic anemia:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of normocytic normochromic anemia is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. In this case, the correct answer is A) Iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by decreased levels of iron, leading to small and pale red blood cells (normocytic normochromic). Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, so its deficiency can result in anemia. Option B) Aplastic anemia is incorrect as it is characterized by pancytopenia (decreased red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), not specifically normocytic normochromic anemia. Option C) Leukemia is incorrect as it is a type of cancer affecting white blood cells, leading to abnormal cell proliferation rather than the characteristic features of normocytic normochromic anemia. Option D) Hemorrhagic anemia is incorrect as it results from acute or chronic blood loss, leading to a decrease in the overall volume of red blood cells, which differs from the normocytic normochromic pattern seen in iron deficiency anemia. Educationally, understanding the different types of anemia and their characteristic features is essential for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and treatment to pediatric patients with hematologic disorders. Recognizing the unique presentations of each type of anemia helps in accurate diagnosis and management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. At 12 months, children are in the exploration stage and benefit greatly from toys that engage their gross motor skills. Push-pull toys help develop coordination, balance, and strength in their muscles, promoting physical development. This type of play also enhances cognitive skills as children learn cause and effect by observing the movements of the toy. Option B is incorrect because placing a cradle gym across the crib may pose a safety hazard for the child. It is important to provide age-appropriate toys and activities to prevent injuries. Option C, providing fingerpaints, is not recommended for a 12-month-old due to the risk of ingestion or exposure to potentially harmful chemicals. Young children are still exploring objects through their mouths, so non-toxic materials should be ensured if offering art activities. Option D, providing a stick horse for gross motor coordination, is not ideal at this age as it may be too advanced for a 12-month-old child. It is essential to match the complexity of toys and activities with the child's developmental stage to ensure engagement and safety. In an educational context, understanding age-appropriate play activities is crucial for pediatric nurses working with young children and their families. By providing accurate information to parents, nurses can support healthy development and create a safe and stimulating environment for the child. It is essential to consider the child's physical, cognitive, and emotional needs when recommending play activities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The best age to introduce solid foods into an infant's diet is typically between 4 to 6 months. At this age, the infant's digestive system has matured enough to handle more complex nutrients, and they have likely lost the extrusion reflex, making swallowing easier. It is an important transition period for introducing new foods.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 4th decade. This question pertains to the understanding of neuromaturation in pediatric nursing. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to comprehend the timeline of brain development to provide optimal care to pediatric patients. The belief that major structural brain development is completed in childhood is outdated as research has shown that neuromaturation continues into the 4th decade of life. Option A) 2nd decade is incorrect because significant brain development extends beyond this period. Option B) 3rd decade is also incorrect as brain maturation progresses further than just the third decade. Option D) 5th decade is incorrect because by this time, major structural brain development is largely completed, marking the end of neuromaturation. Understanding the timeline of brain development is essential for pediatric nurses as it influences assessments, interventions, and overall care provided to children and adolescents. This knowledge helps nurses recognize and address age-specific developmental needs and potential neurological issues, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the normal growth and development milestones is crucial for assessing a child's health. The correct answer, option B) 13 years, is based on typical pubertal development timelines in females. By age 13, most girls should have started showing pubertal signs such as breast development and pubic hair growth. Option A) 12 years is too early to be considered delayed if no pubertal signs are present, as some girls may start puberty as late as age 12. Option C) 14 years and option D) 15 years are too late to wait for evaluation, as any delay in puberty beyond the age of 13 warrants investigation to rule out underlying health issues. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing normal variations in growth and development while also identifying when further evaluation is needed. Understanding the age-appropriate milestones helps pediatric nurses provide timely interventions and support for children who may be experiencing delays in their development.