One of the following is not among causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis causes normocytic anemia due to membrane defects, not microcytosis. Microcytic hypochromic anemia results from reduced hemoglobin synthesis, as seen in thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anaphylactic (immunological) shock is a severe allergic reaction leading to vasodilation and capillary leakage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, characterized by right ventricular outflow obstruction, VSD, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It leads to cyanosis and may cause complications like brain abscess due to right-to-left shunting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic, not normocytic normochromic, which is seen in conditions like hemorrhage and bone marrow failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exhaled nitric oxide analysis directly measures airway inflammation, making it a useful tool in asthma management.