One of the following is not among causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis causes normocytic anemia due to membrane defects, not microcytosis. Microcytic hypochromic anemia results from reduced hemoglobin synthesis, as seen in thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ALS involves vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and breathing support, but not every arrhythmia needs immediate intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Positive skin test results by intradermal testing do not necessarily correlate better with clinical symptoms than puncture tests.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A history of aspiration is helpful but not essential for diagnosis. Many cases present without a clear history, and clinical and radiologic evaluation (e.g., bronchoscopy) are required for confirmation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: TTN is caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid, leading to mild respiratory distress. Oxygen therapy and CPAP help maintain oxygenation while the condition resolves within 24-72 hours without requiring aggressive intervention.