One of the following is NOT a type of sweat gland. Which one?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sweat glands, or sudiferous glands, include eccrine (merocrine), which secrete watery sweat to the skin surface, and apocrine, which secrete into hair follicles. 'Merocrine gland' is synonymous with eccrine, describing its secretion method, so it's a sweat gland. Endocrine glands, like the thyroid, secrete hormones into the bloodstream, not sweat onto the skin, making them unrelated to sudiferous glands. Apocrine glands are a distinct sweat gland type. The misfit is endocrine, as it doesn't belong to the skin's sweat-producing category, per glandular classification.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sudiferous glands, meaning sweat glands, include eccrine (merocrine), which secrete to the skin surface, and apocrine, which secrete into hair follicles both types fall under this term. Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum), not sweat. Ceruminous glands make earwax, and mammary glands produce milk, neither being sudiferous. Pairing eccrine and apocrine captures the full range of sweat glands, aligning with the definition of sudiferous in skin physiology, making this the correct synonym.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The integumentary system includes skin (epidermis, dermis), hair, nails, and glands (sebaceous, sweat). Sebaceous glands, hair, nails, and mammary glands (skin derivatives) are all part. Apocrine glands, sebaceous glands, Merkel discs, and hair follicles are integumentary. Melanocytes, keratinocytes, Merkel cells, and dendrocytes are skin cells. Meissner's corpuscles, eccrine glands, and oil (sebaceous) glands are integumentary, but the hypodermis isn't, making this list the one with a non-integumentary element.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sudiferous (sweat), mammary (milk), and sebaceous (sebum) glands are integumentary, located in the skin or derived from it. The pineal gland, in the brain, secretes melatonin and isn't part of the skin or integumentary system. Its endocrine role contrasts with the exocrine functions of skin glands, excluding it from the integument, making it the correct non-integumentary choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The dermis, the thick layer beneath the epidermis, contains blood vessels for nutrient supply, sweat glands for thermoregulation, and hair follicles for hair growth, making it the skin's structural and functional core. The epidermis, the outer layer, is avascular and lacks glands or follicles. The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue), below the dermis, has fat and some vessels but typically not sweat glands or hair follicles, which are dermal. 'Subcutaneous tissue' repeats hypodermis, not altering its role. The dermis's rich composition, supporting skin vitality and appendages, confirms it as the correct layer.