One of the following is FALSE in hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by blood group A and B incompatibility

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement 'Isoimmune hemolytic disease may be found in first-born infants irrespective of infant blood group' is incorrect. Isoimmune hemolytic disease typically occurs when maternal antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells. This is more common in subsequent pregnancies due to sensitization during the first pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) in neonates and pediatric patients is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, D) Cardiac dysfunction, is not typically included in the definition of SIRS in this population. Temperature instability, option A, is a common symptom of SIRS and is included in the diagnostic criteria. Abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count, option B, is also a key indicator of systemic inflammation and is part of the SIRS criteria. Respiratory dysfunction, option C, is another important aspect of SIRS as it reflects the body's response to inflammation. Cardiac dysfunction is not typically part of the SIRS criteria for neonates and pediatric patients. This differentiation is important for healthcare providers to accurately identify and manage systemic inflammatory responses in these vulnerable populations. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the specific criteria for SIRS in neonates and pediatric patients. By understanding these distinctions, nurses and other healthcare providers can promptly recognize and intervene in cases of systemic inflammation, improving patient outcomes and preventing complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) adolescent girls. Somatoform disorders often manifest during adolescence, especially in girls. Adolescence is a period of significant physical, emotional, and social changes, which can contribute to the development of somatoform disorders as a way to express emotional distress through physical symptoms. Adolescent girls, in particular, may experience higher levels of stress related to body image, self-esteem, and societal expectations, making them more vulnerable to these disorders. Option A) infants of both sexes are less likely to develop somatoform disorders as they are not cognitively developed enough to exhibit the complex interplay between psychological and physical symptoms seen in these disorders. Option B) male toddlers are also less likely to develop somatoform disorders as these disorders typically emerge during late childhood or adolescence when cognitive and emotional development allows for the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms. Option C) young children of female gender may experience some somatic complaints, but full-fledged somatoform disorders are less common in this age group compared to adolescents, as they have not yet reached the developmental stage where these disorders typically manifest. Educationally, understanding the vulnerability of adolescent girls to somatoform disorders is crucial for healthcare providers working with this population. Recognizing the signs and symptoms early, and providing appropriate support and interventions, can help address underlying emotional issues and prevent long-term negative impacts on their health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with comorbid depression and anxiety, selecting the most appropriate antidepressant is crucial for effective management. Sertraline (Option B) is the most suitable choice among the provided options. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is commonly used in treating depression and anxiety disorders. Its tolerability profile is generally favorable, making it a preferred option in patients with CFS who may have sensitivity to side effects. Fluoxetine (Option A) is also an SSRI commonly used in depression and anxiety; however, its long half-life and potential for drug interactions may not make it the optimal choice for patients with CFS. Citalopram (Option C) is another SSRI, but it has more potential for drug interactions compared to sertraline. Clomipramine (Option D) is a tricyclic antidepressant with a higher side effect profile and is not typically the first choice in managing depression and anxiety in CFS patients. In an educational context, understanding the pharmacological properties of different antidepressants and their implications in specific patient populations is crucial for nursing practice. By selecting the most appropriate antidepressant like sertraline for a patient with CFS and comorbid depression and anxiety, nurses can contribute to improved patient outcomes and quality of life. This knowledge empowers nurses to make informed clinical decisions and provide individualized care based on evidence-based practices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the different types of depressive disorders seen in children and adolescents is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The rationale behind this is that adjustment disorder with depressed mood is the most common depressive disorder in children and adolescents due to its direct link to stressful life events or changes. Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors, making them more prone to developing adjustment disorders. Option A) dysthymic disorder is a chronic, low-grade depressive disorder, less commonly seen in children compared to adults. Option B) atypical depression and Option D) seasonal affective disorder are less common in the pediatric population and are more often seen in adults. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and differentiating depressive disorders in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to consider the context of a child's life and any recent stressors when assessing and diagnosing depressive symptoms in this population. Understanding the prevalence of adjustment disorder with depressed mood in children can guide nurses in providing appropriate support and interventions tailored to the child's specific needs.