One of the following is FALSE in hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by blood group A and B incompatibility

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement 'Isoimmune hemolytic disease may be found in first-born infants irrespective of infant blood group' is incorrect. Isoimmune hemolytic disease typically occurs when maternal antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells. This is more common in subsequent pregnancies due to sensitization during the first pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) in neonates and pediatric patients is crucial for early recognition and intervention in critically ill children. The correct answer, D) Cardiac dysfunction, is not typically included in the definition of SIRS in this population. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria in neonates and pediatric patients usually consist of temperature instability, abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count, and respiratory dysfunction. These are the hallmark signs of an inflammatory response in pediatric patients and are commonly used to identify and monitor SIRS. Temperature instability is a key indicator as fever or hypothermia can be early signs of systemic inflammation in children. Abnormal white blood cell count, especially leukocytosis or leukopenia, is a common feature of an inflammatory response. Respiratory dysfunction, such as tachypnea or increased work of breathing, is also a significant component of SIRS in pediatric patients due to the impact of inflammation on the respiratory system. Cardiac dysfunction, while important in critically ill patients, is not typically included in the definition of SIRS in neonates and pediatric patients. In pediatric nursing practice, recognizing and differentiating these signs are essential for prompt assessment, diagnosis, and management of pediatric patients with inflammatory conditions. Understanding these distinctions can lead to timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In understanding the vulnerability of different age groups to somatoform disorders, it is crucial to consider the developmental stages and psychosocial factors that contribute to the presentation of these disorders. Adolescence is a period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. Adolescent girls, in particular, are at a higher risk for somatoform disorders due to various factors such as hormonal fluctuations, body image issues, peer pressure, and stress related to academic performance or relationships. Infants of both sexes are less likely to develop somatoform disorders as they are not yet cognitively developed to manifest symptoms in the same way older children or adolescents do. Male toddlers, though they may experience physical symptoms, are generally less prone to somatoform disorders compared to adolescent girls due to the lower prevalence of these disorders in males and their limited cognitive and social development at that age. Young children of female gender may exhibit physical symptoms but are not as vulnerable as adolescent girls due to the different developmental stage and psychosocial factors influencing their health behaviors. Educationally, understanding the age and gender vulnerabilities to somatoform disorders is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. This knowledge can aid in early identification, appropriate intervention, and targeted support for at-risk individuals. By recognizing the specific vulnerabilities of adolescent girls, healthcare professionals can provide tailored care and support to address the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to somatoform disorders in this population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with comorbid depression and anxiety, selecting the most appropriate antidepressant is crucial for effective management. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) sertraline. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is commonly used in treating depression and anxiety disorders. It is preferred in CFS due to its favorable side effect profile, lower risk of drug interactions, and its effectiveness in managing both depression and anxiety symptoms concurrently. Additionally, sertraline has shown to be well-tolerated in pediatric patients, making it a suitable choice for treating adolescents with CFS. A) Fluoxetine, C) citalopram, and D) clomipramine are not the most suitable options in this context. Fluoxetine and citalopram are also SSRIs but may have more significant side effects or interactions compared to sertraline. Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is generally not preferred in pediatric patients due to its potential for more side effects and higher risk of toxicity. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind selecting a specific antidepressant in pediatric patients with CFS is essential for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. It highlights the importance of considering individual patient factors, such as age, comorbid conditions, and potential side effects, in making informed pharmacological treatment decisions. This knowledge ensures safe and effective care for pediatric patients with complex conditions like CFS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the different types of depressive disorders that can affect children and adolescents. In this question, the correct answer is C) adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The reason why adjustment disorder with depressed mood is the most common depressive disorder in children and adolescents is that it is often triggered by a specific stressor or life event, such as a significant change or loss. Children and adolescents are still developing coping mechanisms and may be more susceptible to experiencing symptoms of depression in response to such stressors. A) Dysthymic disorder is a chronic, low-grade form of depression that lasts for a longer period (at least 2 years in adults). It is less common in children and adolescents compared to adjustment disorder. B) Atypical depression is characterized by mood reactivity and other specific symptoms not typically seen in children and adolescents with depression. It is not as common as adjustment disorder with depressed mood in this population. D) Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that is related to changes in seasons, typically occurring in the winter months when there is less natural sunlight. While this can affect children and adolescents, it is not as common or prevalent as adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Educationally, understanding the prevalence and characteristics of different depressive disorders in children and adolescents is essential for pediatric nurses to accurately assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for their young patients. Recognizing the most common types of depression in this population helps healthcare providers intervene early and effectively to support mental health and well-being in children and adolescents.