One of the following drugs is not used during resuscitation:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric resuscitation, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about the drugs used in emergency situations. The correct answer is C) Digitalis. Digitalis is not used during resuscitation in pediatric patients. Atropine (A) is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia. Bicarbonate (B) may be used in cases of metabolic acidosis. Epinephrine (D) is a key drug used in pediatric resuscitation for its vasoconstrictive and inotropic effects. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of medications in pediatric resuscitation is vital for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Knowing which drugs to administer and when can make a significant difference in patient outcomes. It is important to be aware of contraindications and appropriate dosages to ensure safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the upper airway. The radiological sign associated with this condition is the "steeple sign," which refers to the narrowing of the trachea at the level of the cricoid cartilage, resembling a steeple shape on imaging studies. Option A, enlargement of the adenoids, is incorrect as it is not a radiological sign specifically associated with acute laryngotracheobronchitis. Enlarged adenoids may be seen in other conditions but are not indicative of croup. Option B, jet black lungs, is also incorrect as this description does not relate to any characteristic radiological finding in acute laryngotracheobronchitis. It is an unrelated and misleading choice. Option D, thumb sign, is incorrect as well. The thumb sign is typically associated with epiglottitis, not croup. In epiglottitis, the swollen epiglottis appears like a thumb on lateral neck X-rays, which is a distinct finding from the steeple sign seen in croup. Understanding these radiological signs is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, as it aids in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of respiratory conditions in children. Recognizing the steeple sign in croup can guide healthcare professionals in providing timely interventions to relieve airway obstruction and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the drugs used in resuscitation is crucial for providing effective care during emergency situations. In this question, the correct answer is D) Digitalis. Digitalis, also known as Digoxin, is not typically used in resuscitation efforts for pediatric patients. Atropine (option A) is used to treat bradycardia and improve heart rate. Bicarbonate (option B) is used to correct metabolic acidosis. Epinephrine (option C) is a key medication in resuscitation, as it helps improve cardiac output and blood pressure during CPR. Digitalis, on the other hand, is not a first-line medication in pediatric resuscitation. It is primarily used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias, not for acute resuscitation needs in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing the appropriate medications for pediatric resuscitation scenarios. Understanding the indications, actions, and contraindications of each drug is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients in critical situations. It underscores the significance of quick decision-making and precise medication administration to ensure positive patient outcomes during resuscitation efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially life-threatening oncologic emergency that occurs as a result of the massive lysis of tumor cells leading to the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. This release can cause metabolic imbalances, including hyperkalemia. Option B, hyperkalemia, is the correct answer because during tumor lysis, there is a significant release of potassium from the lysed cells into the bloodstream, leading to elevated serum potassium levels. This can result in dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and other complications if not promptly managed. Options A, C, and D are incorrect for the following reasons: - Hypernatremia (Option A) is not typically associated with tumor lysis syndrome. It is more commonly seen in conditions like dehydration or diabetes insipidus. - Hypokalemia (Option C) is the opposite of what would be expected in TLS due to the massive release of potassium from lysed cells. - Hyponatremia (Option D) is also not a typical finding in TLS. It is more commonly seen in conditions like syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or fluid overload. In an educational context, understanding the metabolic abnormalities associated with tumor lysis syndrome is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with cancer. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of TLS and knowing how to manage its complications, such as hyperkalemia, are essential for providing safe and effective care to these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system. Option B, stating that an abdominal mass is the most common clinical presentation of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is the correct answer. This is because Non-Hodgkin lymphoma often presents with enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen, leading to the detection of an abdominal mass upon physical examination or imaging studies. Option A, stating that Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is less common than Hodgkin's lymphoma, is incorrect. In fact, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for about 90% of all lymphomas diagnosed. Option C, suggesting that systemic symptoms are common in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is incorrect. While systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats can occur in some cases, they are not as common in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma as in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Option D, claiming that Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is unicentric in origin, is also incorrect. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is multicentric in origin, meaning it can involve multiple lymph nodes and organs throughout the body. In an educational context, understanding the clinical presentations and characteristics of different types of lymphoma is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, as they play a vital role in the assessment, care, and support of children with cancer. By knowing the common clinical presentations of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, nurses can promptly recognize symptoms, facilitate timely diagnosis, and provide appropriate care and education to patients and their families.