One of the following definitions is FALSE

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Postaxial polydactyly = Extra thumb or toe present on the medial side of the hand. This is the false definition because postaxial polydactyly refers to the presence of an extra digit on the outer (lateral) side of the hand or foot, not the medial side. A) Brachydactyly = A condition of having short digits. This is a true statement. Brachydactyly is a medical term used to describe a condition where the fingers or toes are abnormally short. C) Clinodactyly = A medial or lateral curving of the fingers. This is a true statement. Clinodactyly refers to a condition where there is an abnormal curvature of the fingers, either towards the middle (medial) or away from the middle (lateral) of the hand. D) Camptodactyly = Permanent flexion of one or more fingers. This is a true statement. Camptodactyly is a condition characterized by a permanent flexion deformity of one or more fingers. Understanding these definitions is crucial in the field of pediatric nursing as these conditions can be present in newborns or children and may require specialized care or interventions. Recognizing these terms and their corresponding definitions can aid in proper assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In understanding the vulnerability of different age groups to somatoform disorders, it is crucial to consider the developmental stages and psychosocial factors that contribute to the presentation of these disorders. Adolescence is a period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. Adolescent girls, in particular, are at a higher risk for somatoform disorders due to various factors such as hormonal fluctuations, body image issues, peer pressure, and stress related to academic performance or relationships. Infants of both sexes are less likely to develop somatoform disorders as they are not yet cognitively developed to manifest symptoms in the same way older children or adolescents do. Male toddlers, though they may experience physical symptoms, are generally less prone to somatoform disorders compared to adolescent girls due to the lower prevalence of these disorders in males and their limited cognitive and social development at that age. Young children of female gender may exhibit physical symptoms but are not as vulnerable as adolescent girls due to the different developmental stage and psychosocial factors influencing their health behaviors. Educationally, understanding the age and gender vulnerabilities to somatoform disorders is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. This knowledge can aid in early identification, appropriate intervention, and targeted support for at-risk individuals. By recognizing the specific vulnerabilities of adolescent girls, healthcare professionals can provide tailored care and support to address the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to somatoform disorders in this population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with comorbid depression and anxiety, selecting the most appropriate antidepressant is crucial for effective management. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) sertraline. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is commonly used in treating depression and anxiety disorders. It is preferred in CFS due to its favorable side effect profile, lower risk of drug interactions, and its effectiveness in managing both depression and anxiety symptoms concurrently. Additionally, sertraline has shown to be well-tolerated in pediatric patients, making it a suitable choice for treating adolescents with CFS. A) Fluoxetine, C) citalopram, and D) clomipramine are not the most suitable options in this context. Fluoxetine and citalopram are also SSRIs but may have more significant side effects or interactions compared to sertraline. Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is generally not preferred in pediatric patients due to its potential for more side effects and higher risk of toxicity. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind selecting a specific antidepressant in pediatric patients with CFS is essential for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. It highlights the importance of considering individual patient factors, such as age, comorbid conditions, and potential side effects, in making informed pharmacological treatment decisions. This knowledge ensures safe and effective care for pediatric patients with complex conditions like CFS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the different types of depressive disorders that can affect children and adolescents. In this question, the correct answer is C) adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The reason why adjustment disorder with depressed mood is the most common depressive disorder in children and adolescents is that it is often triggered by a specific stressor or life event, such as a significant change or loss. Children and adolescents are still developing coping mechanisms and may be more susceptible to experiencing symptoms of depression in response to such stressors. A) Dysthymic disorder is a chronic, low-grade form of depression that lasts for a longer period (at least 2 years in adults). It is less common in children and adolescents compared to adjustment disorder. B) Atypical depression is characterized by mood reactivity and other specific symptoms not typically seen in children and adolescents with depression. It is not as common as adjustment disorder with depressed mood in this population. D) Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that is related to changes in seasons, typically occurring in the winter months when there is less natural sunlight. While this can affect children and adolescents, it is not as common or prevalent as adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Educationally, understanding the prevalence and characteristics of different depressive disorders in children and adolescents is essential for pediatric nurses to accurately assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for their young patients. Recognizing the most common types of depression in this population helps healthcare providers intervene early and effectively to support mental health and well-being in children and adolescents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In children with autism, the most commonly associated disease is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This is because OCD shares some similarities with autism in terms of repetitive behaviors and intrusive thoughts. Children with autism are more likely to develop OCD compared to other psychiatric disorders. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A, mental retardation, is not the most commonly associated disease with autism. While some children with autism may have intellectual disabilities, it is not the most prevalent comorbidity. Option B, seizure disorder, is also not the most common comorbidity with autism. While it does occur in some cases, it is not as prevalent as OCD. Option C, anxiety disorders, are common in children with autism but are not the MOST commonly associated disease. Understanding the common comorbidities in children with autism is crucial for healthcare professionals working in pediatric nursing. Recognizing and addressing these comorbidities can lead to better holistic care for children with autism. By being aware of the most prevalent conditions like OCD, nurses can provide more targeted and effective interventions to improve the overall well-being of their patients.