One of the first steps in community assessment may involve the community health nurse driving or walking through an area and making observations about such things as environmental layout and location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and so forth. This is called a(n):

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Windshield survey. This is because a windshield survey involves physically driving or walking through a community to observe its environmental layout, location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and other key features. This step helps the community health nurse to gain an initial understanding of the community's resources, strengths, and potential health issues. A: Census survey involves collecting demographic data, not direct observation. B: Needs survey focuses on identifying community health needs through specific data collection methods. C: Informant survey involves gathering information from key community members, not direct observation. In summary, the windshield survey is the appropriate choice as it aligns with the description of physically observing the community to gather initial information.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because specifying the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan is a key component of a community diagnosis. This step helps in identifying the target population for interventions and ensures that resources are allocated effectively. A: Presenting a synthesis of all assessment data is important but not specific to the 'among' phrase. B: Providing supporting data is necessary but does not directly relate to the 'among' phrase. D: Describing the cause of the health problem and directing focus of interventions is crucial but not the primary focus of the 'among' phrase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention. This component of the community diagnosis is the etiologic or causal statement because it identifies the root cause of the increased risk for undetected testicular cancer among young men. Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention leads to high rates of late initiation of treatment, which in turn contributes to the increased risk. The other choices (A, B, and D) are not the etiologic statement because they are either outcomes or demographic factors related to the issue, but they do not directly address the root cause of the problem.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because epidemiologic data helps in understanding the patterns of health and illness distribution in a population, which is essential for planning effective community health interventions. By analyzing these patterns, public health planners can identify priorities and tailor interventions to address specific needs. Choice B is incorrect because while epidemiologic data can help in setting benchmarks, it is not the primary purpose in the planning phase. Choice C is incorrect as identifying the population at risk is just one aspect of using epidemiologic data and not the main reason for its usefulness in planning. Choice D is incorrect because while epidemiologic data can provide insights into the nature of health problems, it is not the main reason for its utility in the planning phase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Identifying the cause of the problem, planning community interventions. This step is crucial in the community assessment process as it helps community health nurses understand the root cause of health issues and develop effective interventions. First, identifying the cause allows for targeted interventions. Second, planning interventions ensures that resources are allocated efficiently. Writing a community diagnosis (A) is an important step but comes after identifying the cause. Evaluating outcomes (B) is necessary but occurs after interventions are implemented. Collecting assessment data (C) is an initial step but does not encompass the entire community assessment process.