ATI RN
microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: acidic pH. The reproductive tract's acidic pH serves as a defense mechanism by creating an environment hostile to many pathogens, preventing microbial infection. The acidic pH helps to inhibit the growth and survival of harmful microorganisms. A: Alkaline pH would actually be more favorable for microbial growth as most pathogens thrive in neutral to alkaline pH environments. C: High sugar concentration can actually promote microbial growth as many pathogens feed on sugars. D: High body temperature may help in some cases, but it is not as effective as an acidic pH in preventing microbial infection in the reproductive tract.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following bacteria is known for causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Escherichia coli. E. coli is a common bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract and is a leading cause of UTIs. It has specific virulence factors that enable it to adhere to and infect the urinary tract. Salmonella enterica causes food poisoning, Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, and Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat and skin infections, not UTIs. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it is the only bacterium known for causing UTIs.
Question 3 of 5
The enveloped viruses have
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because enveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer envelope derived from the host cell membrane, which is a complex structure, not exhibiting any specific symmetry. Choice A (cubic symmetry) is incorrect as enveloped viruses do not have any specific geometric shape. Choice B (spiral symmetry) is incorrect as this type of symmetry is typically seen in non-enveloped viruses like helical viruses. Choice C (complex symmetry) is also incorrect as enveloped viruses do not exhibit a specific symmetrical pattern. Therefore, the correct answer is D because enveloped viruses do not have a defined symmetry and can vary in shape and structure.
Question 4 of 5
The primary mode of action of aminoglycosides is to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aminoglycosides primarily inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria. This action leads to misreading of mRNA and ultimately disrupts the translation process, resulting in faulty protein production and bacterial cell death. Incorrect choices: B: Aminoglycosides do not inhibit DNA replication. C: Aminoglycosides do not disrupt cell membrane integrity. D: Aminoglycosides do not inhibit folic acid synthesis. In summary, the correct choice (A) aligns with the known mechanism of action of aminoglycosides, making it the most appropriate answer.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements regarding the antigenic drift is NOT true
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antigenic drift is not caused by the exchange of genetic information between animal and human influenza viruses. Antigenic drift is actually due to point mutations in the genes that encode for the surface proteins of the virus, leading to small changes in the antigens. These mutations can affect the hemagglutinin of both type A and B influenza viruses, making choices A and C correct. Choice D is incorrect because antigenic drift can occur in both type A and B influenza viruses, with type B being less prone to drift compared to type A.
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