ATI RN
Pediatric GI Disorders Test Bank Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
One of the activities for overweight/obesity prevention in less than 2 year-old-child is to limit watching television TV to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) no TV. In the prevention of overweight/obesity in children under 2 years old, it is recommended to completely avoid television exposure. This is because screen time, including TV, has been associated with sedentary behavior and may lead to unhealthy eating habits in young children. Option B) <1 hour, C) <2 hours, and D) <3 hours all involve allowing some amount of TV time, which goes against the current guidelines for young children. Excessive screen time can displace more active playtime and may expose children to marketing of unhealthy foods, contributing to weight gain. Educationally, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of promoting healthy behaviors from a young age to prevent the onset of obesity and related health issues. By educating parents and caregivers about the detrimental effects of excessive screen time on children's health, we can empower them to make informed decisions regarding their child's lifestyle habits. Implementing strategies to limit screen time and promote physical activity can have a positive impact on the overall health and well-being of young children.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year-old diabetic child from a low socioeconomic family presented with angular stomatitis; glossitis; cheilosis; seborrheic dermatitis around the nose and mouth; reduced tearing, and photophobia. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of his condition is deficiency of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) riboflavin. Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is essential for normal growth and red blood cell production. The symptoms described in the question such as angular stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, and seborrheic dermatitis are classic signs of riboflavin deficiency. Riboflavin plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, which explains these symptoms in the child. Option A) Thiamine deficiency typically presents with neurological symptoms like confusion and muscle weakness, not the dermatological symptoms described in the case. Option C) Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, characterized by the "3 Ds" - diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. The symptoms do not completely match with those described in the case. Option D) Zinc deficiency can cause dermatitis and poor wound healing, but it typically presents with other symptoms like growth retardation and immune system impairment, which are not mentioned in the case. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific nutrient deficiencies based on clinical presentations in pediatric patients. Understanding these signs and symptoms is crucial for early identification and management to prevent long-term complications. It also emphasizes the significance of proper nutrition in children, especially those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, to prevent micronutrient deficiencies that can impact overall health and development.
Question 3 of 5
A 2-year-old child presented with severe clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency including xerophthalmia. Of the following, the suggested therapeutic vitamin A doses are
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: oral 500,000 U/day for 3 days; then 50,000 U/day for 14 days; then 10,000-20,000 U/day for 2 months. This dosing regimen is based on the treatment protocol for severe vitamin A deficiency in children. The initial high dose aims to rapidly replenish vitamin A stores in the body, followed by a tapering regimen to maintain adequate levels over time. Option A (oral 5,000-10,000 U/kg/day for 5 days or until recovery) provides a broad dosing range without a specific tapering schedule, which may not adequately address severe deficiency. Option B (200,000 U/day orally, q4-6mo) is a maintenance dose, not suitable for acute deficiency treatment. Option C (100,000 U/day for 3 days, then 50,000 U/day for 14 days) lacks the higher initial dose needed for severe cases. Educationally, understanding the correct dosing regimen for severe vitamin A deficiency in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively manage and treat this condition. By knowing the appropriate doses and tapering schedules, practitioners can optimize patient outcomes and prevent long-term complications associated with vitamin A deficiency, such as xerophthalmia.
Question 4 of 5
The calcium equivalent of 1 cup of milk (about 300 mg of calcium) is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) 1 cup of plain yogurt. The rationale behind this is that 1 cup of milk contains about 300 mg of calcium, so to obtain the same amount of calcium from yogurt, you would need an equivalent amount. Option A) 1/2 cup of plain yogurt is incorrect because half a cup of yogurt would only provide half the amount of calcium as 1 cup of milk. Option B) 3/4 cup of plain yogurt is incorrect because 3/4 cup of yogurt would provide less calcium than 1 cup of milk. Option D) 1 1/4 cup of plain yogurt is incorrect because 1 1/4 cup of yogurt would provide more calcium than 1 cup of milk. In an educational context, understanding the calcium content of different dairy products is essential in pediatric nutrition. Children need adequate calcium for healthy bone development, and being able to calculate equivalents like this can help ensure they are meeting their dietary requirements. It also emphasizes the importance of varying dairy sources to obtain a well-rounded nutrient intake.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding nutritional requirement during childhood, all the following are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is an estimate of the daily average nutrient intake to meet the nutritional needs of >97% of the individuals. This option is incorrect because the RDA is actually set to meet the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group, not greater than 97%. Option A is true as nutrition and growth during 3-6 years of life do predict adult stature and some health outcomes. This is because adequate nutrition during childhood is crucial for proper growth and development. Option B is also true as the major risk period for growth stunting is indeed between 4 and 24 months of age. This period is critical for providing proper nutrition to support optimal growth and development in children. Option C is true as the estimated average requirement (EAR) is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements for 50% of the population. This is a valuable metric used in determining nutrient intake recommendations. Understanding these concepts is essential for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations to ensure they provide appropriate nutritional guidance and support to promote healthy growth and development in children. By grasping these nuances in nutritional requirements, practitioners can better tailor their advice to meet the specific needs of each child.