One aspect of implementation related to drug therapy is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Implementation in the nursing process involves carrying out the care plan, and for drug therapy, this includes administering medications and documenting them (Choice B). Documentationrecording the drug, dose, time, route, and patient responseis a legal and clinical requirement ensuring accountability and continuity of care. Developing a content outline (Choice A) relates to teaching plans, not direct drug administration. Establishing outcome criteria (Choice C) and setting realistic goals (Choice D) occur during planning, not implementation, as they define what the therapy aims to achieve (e.g., pain reduced to 3/10'). For example, after giving morphine, the nurse documents it in the medication administration record and notes the patient's pain level, fulfilling implementation. This action supports safety (e.g., preventing double-dosing) and informs evaluation. While all steps are interconnected, only documenting drugs given directly ties to the act of implementing drug therapy, making Choice B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Post-tonsillectomy, a lethargic client risks aspirating blood or secretions from the surgical site, as drowsiness impairs airway protection. Side-lying (Choice D) is most therapeutic because it promotes drainage from the mouth, reducing aspiration riskgravity keeps fluids from pooling in the throat. Semi-Fowler's (Choice A, 30-45°) and High-Fowler's (Choice C, 60-90°) elevate the head but keep the client upright, allowing secretions to trickle back toward the airway in a groggy state. Supine (Choice B) is worst, flattening the body and maximizing aspiration risk. For example, a client oozing blood from tonsillar beds, if supine, could inhale it, causing obstruction or pneumonia. Side-lying aligns with postoperative airway management principles, especially while consciousness returns slowly. Comfort for sore throat is secondary to safety, making Choice D the correct position.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During NREM sleep, especially stages 3-4 (deep sleep) at 4 a.m., the body enters a restorative state with parasympathetic dominance, lowering metabolic demand. 'Decreased TPR and BP' reflects this: total peripheral resistance (TPR) and blood pressure (BP) drop as heart rate slows (e.g., from 70 to 50 bpm) and vessels dilate, per circadian dips and sleep physiology. 'Increased TPR and BP' occurs in REM or stress, not NREM's calm. 'No change from daytime readings' ignores sleep's autonomic shift; daytime wakefulness elevates vitals (e.g., BP 120/80 vs. 100/60 at night). 'Highly individualized, cannot predict' overstates variability; while baselines differ, NREM consistently reduces vitals across healthy adults. For example, a nurse might record BP dropping 10-20% from daytime, aligning with Taylor's description of NREM's energy conservation. Choice A is the expected, evidence-based finding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep needs vary by age due to growth and repair demands. 'A 15-year-old' requires more sleep8-10 hours nightly, per NSFdriven by puberty's brain development (e.g., synaptic pruning in REM) and physical growth. 'A 75-year-old' needs 7-8 hours; aging reduces deep sleepe.g., NREM stage 3 drops 10%but not total need drastically. 'A 43-year-old' and '25-year-old' both need 7-9 hours; adulthood stabilizes sleep, though stress or lifestyle might cut ite.g., a 25-year-old averaging 6 hours risks deficit. Adolescents' melatonin shifts (e.g., delayed to 11 p.m.) and school demands amplify their need, per Taylor's developmental norms. Choice D correctly reflects this highest requirement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Frequent nocturia from high fluid intake disrupts sleep, fixable via timing. 'Drink most of the liquids before 5 p.m.' is correct; front-loading hydratione.g., 80% of 2L by late afternoonlets the bladder empty pre-bedtime, cutting awakenings (e.g., from 4 to 1), per nursing hydration advice. Choice A, 'during the night,' worsens ite.g., 500 mL at 10 p.m. fills the bladder by 2 a.m. Choice C, 'coffee instead of water,' adds caffeine's diuretic and stimulant effectse.g., doubling voids. Choice D, 'before noon,' risks dehydration latere.g., unmet needs by evening. Taylor's sleep hygiene supports Choice B's balance of hydration and rest, making it correct.