ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Once they have been metabolized by the liver, the metabolites may be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First, metabolites can be more active than the parent drug due to enhanced pharmacological properties. Second, metabolites can be less active due to decreased potency. Third, metabolites can be deactivated for excretion, preventing any pharmacological effect. Therefore, all options are possible outcomes of drug metabolism by the liver.
Question 2 of 5
The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% is called:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Half-life. Half-life is the time taken for the drug concentration in the body to reduce by 50%. This is a fundamental pharmacokinetic parameter used to determine dosing intervals. Steady state (A) refers to when drug input equals drug elimination, Phase II metabolism (C) is a type of drug metabolism, and Reduced bioavailability time (D) does not accurately describe the concept of drug elimination. In summary, half-life is the specific term that quantifies the rate of drug elimination in the body, making it the correct answer in this context.
Question 3 of 5
Instructions to a client regarding self-administration of oral enteric-coated tablets should include which of the following statements?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because enteric-coated tablets are designed to bypass the stomach and dissolve in the intestines for optimal absorption. Taking them with at least 8 ounces of fluid helps ensure the tablet reaches the intestines intact. Choice A is incorrect as it is not necessary to avoid all other oral medicines. Choice B is incorrect as dissolving an enteric-coated tablet can affect its effectiveness. Choice C is incorrect because crushing the tablet can also interfere with its intended delayed release mechanism.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following variables is a factor in drug absorption?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A rich blood supply to the area of absorption leads to better absorption. A rich blood supply enhances drug absorption by allowing for faster diffusion of the drug into the bloodstream. This is because a greater blood flow increases the concentration gradient, facilitating quicker absorption. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: The statement that the smaller the surface area for absorption, the more rapidly the drug is absorbed is incorrect. Larger surface area typically leads to faster absorption due to increased contact with absorbing surfaces. C: The statement that the less soluble the drug, the more easily it is absorbed is incorrect. Solubility affects dissolution, not absorption. D: The statement that ionized drugs are easily absorbed across the cell membrane is incorrect. Ionized drugs have lower permeability across cell membranes compared to non-ionized drugs.
Question 5 of 5
Therapeutic drug levels are drawn when a drug reaches steady state. Drugs reach steady state:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: After four to five half-lives. Steady state is achieved when the rate of drug intake equals the rate of drug elimination, typically after 4-5 half-lives. This ensures a consistent drug level in the body. Choice A is too soon for steady state. Choice C focuses on the patient's perception, not drug kinetics. Choice D is too specific and not a general rule for all drugs.