ATI RN
Human Reproductive System pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
Once sperm are produced by the testes they move into and mature in the
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: epididymis. After being produced in the testes, sperm move into the epididymis for maturation. The epididymis provides the optimal environment for sperm storage and maturation, allowing them to gain motility and fertilization capability. The seminiferous tubes (A) are where sperm are produced, not matured. The penis (B) is the external organ for ejaculation, not maturation. The vas deferens (C) is the tube that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not the site of sperm maturation.
Question 2 of 5
A 15 year old high school football player is in your clinic, c/o severe testicular pain since 8 am this morning. Denies sexual activity. Unable to urinate due to pain. He is nauseated and is vomiting. He is lying on the exam table, uncomfortably shifting his position. His BP is 150/100, pulse is 110, respirations are 24. There are no lesions on the penis and no discharge from the meatus. The scrotal skin is tense and red. Palpation of the left testicle causes severe pain and the patient begins to cry. Prostate exam is normal. His cremasteric reflex is absent on the left but is normal on the right. Urine sample (by catheter) is normal. You send him to the emergency room. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is torsion of the spermatic cord. This condition presents with sudden severe testicular pain, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, tachycardia, and absence of cremasteric reflex. The key findings include red, tense scrotal skin, severe pain on palpation, and crying. The absence of discharge and normal prostate exam rule out prostatitis. Acute orchitis typically presents with fever and urinary symptoms, which are absent here. Acute epididymitis usually presents with gradual onset and urinary symptoms. Torsion of the spermatic cord is a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent testicular ischemia and necrosis.
Question 3 of 5
The average menstrual cycle is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (28 days) as it is the average length of a menstrual cycle, which is typically counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormonal changes and the average duration is around 28 days. This length allows for the proper preparation and shedding of the uterine lining. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the typical length of a menstrual cycle, which is around 28 days.
Question 4 of 5
A professional athlete in her mid-20s has not had a menstrual cycle for 5 years, although a bone density scan revealed normal skeletal mineralization. Which of the following facts elicited during the taking of her medical history may explain these observations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low. The absence of menstrual cycles in a young athlete with normal bone density suggests hypothalamic dysfunction affecting the menstrual cycle. This can result from low estrogen levels, which are essential for the regulation of menstrual cycles. Low estrogen levels can be caused by intense physical activity, leading to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Choice A is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate diet alone is unlikely to cause amenorrhea. Choice B is irrelevant to the absence of menstrual cycles and normal bone density in the athlete. Choice C, elevated blood pressure, is also unrelated to the situation described.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following changes would be expected to occur with increased binding of a hormone to plasma proteins?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Increased binding of a hormone to plasma proteins reduces the concentration of free hormone in the blood. Step 2: With decreased free hormone levels, there is less hormone available to exert its effects. Step 3: This reduction in free hormone would lead to an increase in the degree of negative feedback exerted by the hormone to regulate its own production. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Summary: A: Increase in plasma clearance of the hormone - Incorrect. Increased binding to plasma proteins would decrease clearance. B: Decrease in half-life of the hormone - Incorrect. Increased binding can prolong the half-life by protecting the hormone from degradation. C: Increase in hormone activity - Incorrect. Increased binding reduces the availability of free hormone, decreasing its activity.