On assessment of the abdomen in a patient with peritonitis, you would expect to find

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient with peritonitis, the correct assessment findings would include rebound tenderness and guarding. Rebound tenderness refers to pain felt upon the sudden release of pressure on the abdomen, indicating peritoneal irritation. Guarding is the involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles in response to pain, which is a protective mechanism. These signs suggest inflammation of the peritoneum, a key feature of peritonitis. Option A is incorrect because a soft abdomen with normal bowel sounds is not indicative of peritonitis. Option C is incorrect because hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with peritonitis; instead, bowel sounds may be diminished. Option D is incorrect as ascites and increased vascular pattern on the skin are not specific to peritonitis. Educationally, understanding these assessment findings is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to recognize peritonitis promptly and initiate appropriate interventions. This knowledge is vital for patient safety and optimal outcomes, highlighting the importance of clinical assessment skills in the medical-surgical setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) One or more arteries that supply blood to your heart are blocked, thereby preventing blood from flowing to your cardiac muscles. This response is accurate because a myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when there is a blockage in the coronary arteries leading to a lack of blood flow to the heart muscle, resulting in tissue damage or cell death. Option A is incorrect because it simply restates the patient's condition without providing any explanation. Option B is incorrect as it describes a congenital heart defect, not a myocardial infarction. Option C is incorrect and stigmatizing as it inaccurately links weight to the risk of a heart attack, disregarding the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular diseases. In an educational context, it is crucial to provide accurate and clear information to patients to enhance their understanding of their health condition. By explaining the cause of a myocardial infarction, patients like Sam can better comprehend the importance of lifestyle modifications and adherence to treatment plans to prevent future cardiac events. This empowers patients to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions regarding their health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing a patient for anaphylaxis, being alert for hives and dyspnea is crucial because these are hallmark signs of a severe allergic reaction. Hives indicate an immune response causing skin inflammation, while dyspnea signifies respiratory distress, a common and life-threatening symptom of anaphylaxis due to airway constriction. The other options are incorrect because: A) Chest pain and indigestion are more indicative of cardiac issues or gastrointestinal problems, not typically associated with anaphylaxis. C) Hypertension and blurred vision are not primary symptoms of anaphylaxis. Hypotension is actually more common due to vasodilation. D) Headache and photophobia are not specific to anaphylaxis but could be seen in conditions like migraines or meningitis. Educationally, understanding the unique manifestations of anaphylaxis is vital for healthcare providers to promptly recognize and treat this potentially life-threatening condition. Recognizing the key symptoms of anaphylaxis can lead to rapid intervention, such as administering epinephrine, which is crucial in preventing severe complications and saving lives.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a patient with a history of pulmonary embolism, the correct answer is C) Avoid sitting and standing for too long and do not cross your legs. This is the most appropriate response because prolonged sitting or standing can lead to blood pooling in the legs, increasing the risk of clot formation and subsequent pulmonary embolism. By avoiding prolonged periods of immobility and not crossing the legs, the patient can help prevent the development of new blood clots. Option A) Take vitamin K with heparin is incorrect because vitamin K can actually promote blood clotting, which would be counterproductive in this situation. Option B) Avoid confined spaces is not directly related to preventing pulmonary embolism and does not address the underlying risk factors. Option D) Jog 5 miles each day may not be suitable for all patients, especially those with a history of pulmonary embolism, as excessive physical activity can sometimes increase the risk of clot formation. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the importance of educating patients on preventive measures for conditions such as pulmonary embolism. By explaining the rationale behind the correct answer, healthcare professionals can empower patients to take an active role in managing their health and reducing their risk of complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a bone marrow transplant, the correct answer is B) Infection. Patients undergoing bone marrow transplants have compromised immune systems due to the intensive treatment they receive, which includes chemotherapy and radiation. This compromised immune system puts them at a significantly higher risk for infections, as their body's ability to fight off pathogens is weakened. Option A) Bleeding is not the correct answer because bleeding issues are more commonly associated with conditions that affect platelet function or clotting factors, rather than specifically with bone marrow transplants. While patients may experience bleeding tendencies post-transplant, infection risk is a more significant concern. Option C) Clot formation is not the correct answer either. Bone marrow transplant patients are more likely to have issues with bleeding due to low platelet counts rather than clot formation. Option D) Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of many treatments, including chemotherapy, but they are not directly related to the increased risk following a bone marrow transplant. Educationally, understanding the increased risk of infection post-bone marrow transplant is crucial for healthcare providers caring for these patients. Implementing strict infection control measures and promptly recognizing and treating infections are vital to improving patient outcomes.