On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of stage IV ovarian cancer, initial treatment typically involves major surgery, known as cytoreductive surgery or debulking surgery. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor burden as possible from the abdomen and pelvis. By reducing the size of the tumor, the effectiveness of subsequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be enhanced. Surgery may also involve the removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to further target any remaining cancer cells. However, major surgery is often the first step in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The elevated respiratory rate is concerning since normal for a 3- to 6-year-old is about 20-30 breaths per minute.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is the area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents. It is crucial for bone growth and development. When a child injures the epiphyseal plate from a fracture, the damage can disrupt the normal growth process of the bone. This disruption can lead to unequal limb length, angular deformities, or other growth abnormalities. Therefore, the damage resulting from an injury to the epiphyseal plate may lead to bone growth disruption. Choices A, B, and C are not directly associated with epiphyseal plate injuries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Young people with anorexia nervosa are often described as independent. This is because individuals with anorexia nervosa tend to exhibit strong willpower and control over their behavior, often making independent decisions related to their eating habits and body image. They may resist help or intervention, preferring to maintain control over their food intake and weight loss. This independence can make it challenging to address and treat anorexia nervosa effectively, as individuals may be resistant to seeking or accepting help.