ATI RN
Review System for Neurological Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Often the first signs of neurological disorders are deficits in basic cognitive functions and also deficits in skills that involve problem-solving, planning and engaging in goal-directed behaviour. These types of functions are known as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Executive functions are higher-order cognitive processes that enable individuals to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully. These functions are primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex and are crucial for goal-directed behavior, problem-solving, and self-regulation. Deficits in executive functioning are often early indicators of neurological disorders, as they impact an individual's ability to manage daily activities and adapt to new situations.
Question 2 of 5
Apraxia involves an inability to undertake learned and purposeful activities such as dressing, cooking etc., and means that sufferers must rely increasingly on caregivers to help with these activities. Limb apraxia is a common symptom of left hemisphere damage and consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or imitation. One form of rehabilitation training for limb apraxia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestural training is a rehabilitation technique used to improve limb apraxia, a condition characterized by difficulty in performing purposeful movements. This training involves teaching individuals to recognize and execute appropriate gestures and postures, enhancing their ability to perform daily activities. By focusing on the coordination of movements and the context in which they are used, gestural training helps individuals regain functional independence and reduce reliance on caregivers.
Question 3 of 5
The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The resting potential of a neuron, typically around -65mV, indicates that the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. This charge difference is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and the selective permeability of the cell membrane to ions. The resting potential is essential for the neuron's ability to generate and transmit nerve impulses, as it provides the electrical gradient necessary for action potentials.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This breakdown is essential for terminating the signal and preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholinesterase ensures that acetylcholine's effects are short-lived and precisely regulated, allowing for controlled neural communication. Dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to neurological disorders.
Question 5 of 5
The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the ________ .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brain and spinal cord are the primary organs of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is responsible for processing and integrating information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a division of the PNS, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a protective fluid surrounding the CNS. Therefore, CNS is the correct answer as it directly refers to the brain and spinal cord.