Official name of the drug used in the USP-NF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The official name of a drug used in the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) is the generic name. The generic name is the non-proprietary name of a drug, which is based on its chemical structure. It is important to distinguish the generic name from other types of names like the brand name (specific name given by the manufacturer) or proprietary name (registered trademark name owned by a pharmaceutical company). In the USP-NF, the generic name is used to refer to the drug in a standardized and universally recognized manner. This helps ensure clarity and consistency in the identification and communication of drug information.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) is most effective when given sublingually for the treatment of angina pectoris. When administered sublingually, the medication is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the oral mucosa, leading to rapid onset of action and providing quick relief of angina symptoms. This route bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver, allowing the drug to exert its effects more rapidly. Orally administered glyceryl trinitrate is subject to extensive first-pass metabolism, and intravenous or intramuscular routes are generally reserved for acute situations where rapid onset of action is required. Subcutaneous administration is less commonly used compared to the sublingual route for the treatment of angina.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Drugs that act simultaneously on a mixed group of receptors with an agonist action on one set and with an antagonist action on the other are termed as mixed agonist-antagonists. These drugs can have a dual effect on different types of receptors within the same system. They can elicit both agonist-like responses at one receptor and antagonist-like responses at another receptor, leading to a mixed overall effect on the system. This unique property makes them different from pure agonists, pure antagonists, or partial agonists which typically have a unidirectional effect on receptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The specificity theory of pain proposes that there is a specific pain system in the body that is responsible for detecting and transmitting pain signals. According to this theory, specific pain receptors exist that are sensitive only to pain stimuli and are separate from other sensory receptors for touch, temperature, or pressure. When tissue damage or injury occurs, these pain receptors are activated, and they send signals through specific pain pathways to the brain, resulting in the sensation of pain. The specificity theory suggests that pain is a distinct sensory modality with its own dedicated system, separate from other sensory modalities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.