ATI RN
The Basics of Bioethics Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following, which patient will require an unsynchronized shock?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (such as Torsades de Pointes) is a life-threatening arrhythmia that is best treated with an unsynchronized shock to restore normal rhythm. In contrast, choices A, B, and C are stable arrhythmias that can typically be managed with synchronized cardioversion to avoid further complications. Option D stands out due to the critical nature of polymorphic VT, necessitating immediate action with unsynchronized shock to prevent deterioration.
Question 2 of 5
You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers the release of epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system, leading to liver glycogenolysis, which raises blood glucose levels. This explains the patient's fast heart rate and respirations. Choice B is incorrect because low blood sugar levels do not directly mimic alcohol intoxication. Choice C is incorrect because elevated heart rate and respirations are not due to increased glucose and fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue. Choice D is incorrect because the increase in heart rate and respirations is not a direct result of promoting glucagon production and release from the pancreas.
Question 3 of 5
Your 49-year-old COPD patient is unconscious and exhibiting ineffective respirations. You quickly decide to attempt to control his airway and provide positive pressure ventilations. Which airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter while the proximal border of the airway device rests against the patient's tongue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophageal-Tracheal Combi-tube. The Combi-tube has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the esophageal sphincter, preventing gastric insufflation. The proximal border rests against the tongue, providing a secure airway. This device is specifically designed for unconscious patients with ineffective respirations, like the COPD patient in this scenario. A: King LTD airway is a supraglottic airway device used for difficult airways but does not have the same features as the Combi-tube for unconscious patients. C: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) does not have an inflatable cuff that prevents gastric insufflation like the Combi-tube. D: Nasotracheal intubation involves passing a tube through the nose into the trachea and is not the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is considered a solution that contains molecules, such as proteins, that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colloid solution. Colloid solutions contain large molecules like proteins that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane, making them effective in increasing oncotic pressure within the blood vessels. Hypertonic solutions (A) have higher solute concentration, hypotonic solutions (B) have lower solute concentration, and crystalloid solutions (C) contain small molecules that can easily pass through the capillary membrane.
Question 5 of 5
Your adult hemodialysis patient is in cardiac arrest one hour after completing a dialysis treatment. He is found to be apneic and asystolic with adequate CPR in progress. Which of the following should be administered during the resuscitation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride. During cardiac arrest, the priority is to correct any metabolic acidosis (sodium bicarbonate) and replenish calcium stores (calcium chloride) to support myocardial function. Sodium bicarbonate helps with acid-base balance, while calcium chloride is crucial for cardiac muscle contraction. Choice A is incorrect as magnesium sulfate alone is not sufficient for cardiac arrest. Choice B is incorrect as amiodarone is used for arrhythmias, not asystole. Choice D is incorrect as administering potassium during cardiac arrest can worsen the situation, and dopamine is not recommended in this scenario.