ATI RN
The Basics of Bioethics Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following, which patient will require an unsynchronized shock?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient presenting with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is at high risk of progressing into ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening rhythm requiring immediate unsynchronized shock. In contrast, choices A, B, and C involve stable rhythms or atrial arrhythmias that do not require immediate unsynchronized shock. Choice A describes monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which can be managed with synchronized cardioversion. Choice B and C describe unstable atrial fibrillation and flutter, respectively, which can be treated with medications or synchronized cardioversion. Therefore, the patient with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is the only one among the options who requires an unsynchronized shock due to the high risk of deterioration into a more dangerous rhythm.
Question 2 of 5
You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers a physiological response known as the sympathoadrenal response. When blood sugar levels drop, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands. Epinephrine promotes liver glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. This process helps to counteract the effects of hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Elevated insulin levels would not mimic alcohol intoxication; instead, hypoglycemia causes neuroglycopenic symptoms due to inadequate glucose supply to the brain. C: Adipose tissue does not play a significant role in correcting hypoglycemia through glucose uptake; it is primarily the liver that releases glucose in response to low blood sugar levels. D: Glucagon is released by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels in response to
Question 3 of 5
Your 49-year-old COPD patient is unconscious and exhibiting ineffective respirations. You quickly decide to attempt to control his airway and provide positive pressure ventilations. Which airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter while the proximal border of the airway device rests against the patient's tongue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophageal-Tracheal Combi-tube. This airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter. The proximal border rests against the tongue, effectively sealing the esophagus and allowing for positive pressure ventilations to be delivered to the trachea. The King LTD airway (A) is a supraglottic airway device used for ventilation but does not press against the esophageal sphincter. The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) (C) sits above the glottis and does not have a distal cuff to seal the esophagus. Nasotracheal intubation (D) involves passing a tube through the nose into the trachea and does not involve a cuff pressing against the esophageal sphincter.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is considered a solution that contains molecules, such as proteins, that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colloid solution. Colloid solutions contain large molecules like proteins that are too big to pass through the capillary membrane. These large molecules create osmotic pressure, helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. Hypertonic solutions (A) have higher solute concentration, hypotonic solutions (B) have lower solute concentration, and crystalloid solutions (C) contain small molecules that can easily pass through the capillary membrane.
Question 5 of 5
Your adult hemodialysis patient is in cardiac arrest one hour after completing a dialysis treatment. He is found to be apneic and asystolic with adequate CPR in progress. Which of the following should be administered during the resuscitation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride. During cardiac arrest, the priority is to correct metabolic acidosis and provide adequate calcium for cardiac function. Sodium bicarbonate helps in correcting metabolic acidosis, while calcium chloride supports cardiac contractility. A: Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate - Magnesium sulfate is not indicated during cardiac arrest, and sodium bicarbonate alone may not address the calcium needs for cardiac function. B: Amiodarone and magnesium sulfate - Amiodarone is used for ventricular arrhythmias, not for asystole, and magnesium sulfate is not the priority in this scenario. D: Potassium and dopamine - Potassium can exacerbate the situation, and dopamine is not recommended as a first-line drug during cardiac arrest. In summary, the correct answer provides the necessary interventions to address metabolic acidosis and support cardiac function during the resuscitation attempt.