ATI RN
Pediatric GI Disorders Test Bank Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following vaccines, the one recommended to be given to a 10-month-old unimmunized boy is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) measles vaccine for a 10-month-old unimmunized boy. The rationale behind this choice is based on the recommended immunization schedule for children. The measles vaccine is typically administered around 12-15 months of age, but in cases where a child has not received any immunizations by 10 months, providing protection against measles becomes crucial due to its highly contagious nature and potential for serious complications. Option A) polio vaccine is usually given at 2, 4, and 6 months, with booster doses later. Option C) pertussis vaccine is part of the DTaP vaccine series typically given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Option D) pneumococcal vaccine is also given in multiple doses during infancy but may not be the priority in this specific case. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of timely vaccination to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and protect vulnerable populations like infants. Understanding the recommended immunization schedule is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure the appropriate administration of vaccines and safeguard children's health. It also underscores the concept of herd immunity and the public health impact of vaccination in preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Question 2 of 5
A 16-year-old female with a past history of hypothyroidism now manifests fever, anorexia, amenorrhea, and jaundice of 4 months' duration. Her direct bilirubin level is 6 mg/dL, and her total bilirubin value is 11 mg/dL. Results of the tests for hepatitis A, B, and C are negative, and her serum IgG level is 16.5 g/L. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Chronic active hepatitis. This diagnosis is supported by the patient's symptoms of fever, anorexia, amenorrhea, jaundice, elevated direct and total bilirubin levels, and a negative hepatitis panel. Chronic active hepatitis is a liver condition characterized by ongoing inflammation and damage to the liver, leading to symptoms such as jaundice and liver dysfunction. Option A) Mononucleosis is unlikely in this case as the symptoms and lab results are more indicative of a liver disorder rather than a viral infection like mononucleosis. Option C) α-antitrypsin deficiency typically presents with respiratory symptoms and liver disease in childhood, which do not align with the patient's current presentation. Option D) Wilson disease is characterized by copper accumulation in the liver and other organs, leading to symptoms such as liver dysfunction and neurological issues. However, the absence of Kayser-Fleischer rings and a low ceruloplasmin level make Wilson disease less likely in this scenario. Educationally, understanding the differentiation between various liver disorders is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately diagnose and manage patients presenting with liver-related symptoms. In this case, recognizing the clinical presentation and interpreting the lab results are essential for selecting the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient.
Question 3 of 5
A 2-year-old female was well until 12 hours ago, when lethargy, vomiting, and intermittent crying episodes began during which she appears to be in pain. During these painful episodes, she draws her legs up to her abdomen. In the office, she passes a maroon-colored stool and has a slightly tender but full abdomen. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Intussusception. Intussusception is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children, characterized by the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another. The symptoms described in the scenario, such as intermittent crying, drawing legs to abdomen, maroon-colored stool (indicative of blood in stool), and a tender abdomen, are classic signs of intussusception. Option A) Pyloric stenosis typically presents with projectile vomiting in the first few weeks of life, not with the symptoms described in the case of a 2-year-old. Option B) Appendicitis usually presents with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and is uncommon in children under 5 years of age. Option C) Urinary tract infection does not typically present with the symptoms described and is less likely in a child with a tender, full abdomen and bloody stool. Educationally, understanding the distinguishing features of pediatric GI disorders is crucial for healthcare providers to make accurate diagnoses and provide timely treatment. Recognizing the unique clinical presentations of conditions like intussusception is essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
An asymptomatic 2-year-old swallowed a hearing aid battery 4 hours previously. A radiograph at 11:00 p.m. located it in the upper third of the esophagus. The most appropriate next step is to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Schedule immediate esophagoscopy to retrieve the battery. In the case of a foreign body, especially a battery, lodged in the esophagus, immediate removal is crucial to prevent serious complications like tissue damage, perforation, or obstruction. This is a pediatric emergency that requires prompt intervention to prevent harm and ensure the child's safety. Option A is incorrect because waiting for 24 hours may lead to complications in this scenario. Option B is not the best choice as delaying removal until the next morning could increase the risk of complications. Option C is also incorrect as there is a risk of tissue damage if the battery remains in the esophagus for an extended period. This question highlights the importance of prompt action in pediatric emergencies involving foreign body ingestion. It underscores the significance of quick decision-making and intervention in preventing potential harm to young patients. Understanding the urgency of situations like these is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations.
Question 5 of 5
The investigations to be done as part of initial evaluation of a newly identified 12-year-old girl with obesity are the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) liver function tests. In the initial evaluation of a newly identified 12-year-old girl with obesity, liver function tests are not typically part of the routine screening for pediatric obesity. A) Plasma fasting glucose level is important to assess for possible diabetes, which can be a complication of obesity. B) Triglyceride level is relevant as obesity is often associated with dyslipidemia. C) Lipoprotein level is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the investigations in pediatric obesity helps healthcare providers to appropriately screen, diagnose, and manage comorbidities associated with obesity at an early stage. It also emphasizes the importance of tailored and evidence-based evaluation strategies in pediatric patients to provide optimal care and improve long-term health outcomes.