ATI RN
Pediatric Nurse Exam Sample Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following, the microorganism that is MOST likely causing chronic arthritis after bacterial enteric infection or genitourinary tract infection (UTI) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular pathogen that can lead to reactive arthritis following genitourinary tract infection. This organism has been associated with causing chronic arthritis due to its ability to trigger an autoimmune response in susceptible individuals. Escherichia coli (Option A) is a common cause of UTIs and enteric infections but is not typically associated with chronic arthritis. Proteus mirabilis (Option C) is another common cause of UTIs but is not linked to chronic arthritis post-infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Option D) is known for causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals but is not a typical culprit for chronic arthritis following enteric or genitourinary infections. Educationally, understanding the specific microorganisms associated with certain clinical manifestations is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses. Recognizing the connection between infections and potential complications like chronic arthritis can aid in early identification, treatment, and prevention strategies. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients, ensuring timely interventions and improved outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
Colchicine may be an effective drug to prevent the development of AA amyloidosis in which of the following diseases?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is known to be effective in preventing the development of AA amyloidosis in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. This is because familial Mediterranean fever is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and inflammation, which can lead to the deposition of amyloid proteins in various tissues. Option A) juvenile idiopathic arthritis is incorrect because colchicine is not typically used in the treatment or prevention of AA amyloidosis associated with this condition. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is managed using other medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Option B) ankylosing spondylitis is also incorrect as colchicine is not a standard treatment for this condition. Ankylosing spondylitis is usually managed with NSAIDs, physical therapy, and in some cases, biologic medications targeting specific inflammatory pathways. Option D) hyper IgD syndrome is not associated with the development of AA amyloidosis, and colchicine is not commonly used in its management. Hyper IgD syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fevers, lymphadenopathy, and elevated IgD levels, and its treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory medications and sometimes biologics. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate use of medications in different diseases is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses working with children with complex medical conditions. Knowing the indications and contraindications of drugs like colchicine can help nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with conditions like familial Mediterranean fever.
Question 3 of 5
You are a newly employed Pediatrician to foster care children. Those children have many significant problems, but the MOST common one is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of caring for foster care children as a pediatrician, the most common significant problem being abuse and neglect (Option B) makes sense as the correct answer. Foster care children often come from backgrounds where they have experienced trauma, abuse, or neglect, leading to a higher prevalence of these issues among this population. As a newly employed pediatrician in this setting, it is crucial to be vigilant for signs of abuse and neglect, as addressing these issues is paramount for the well-being and safety of the children. Option A, chronic medical problems, while common in pediatric populations in general, may not be the most prevalent issue among foster care children specifically. These children may have experienced trauma or neglect that can manifest in behavioral or emotional concerns rather than primarily chronic medical conditions. Option C, mental health concerns, is also a significant issue among foster care children, but abuse and neglect often underlie and contribute to the development of mental health issues in this population. Addressing the root cause of trauma is crucial in managing mental health concerns effectively. Option D, family relationship problems, while important, may not be the most common significant problem among foster care children. Many of these children are in foster care due to family-related issues such as abuse or neglect, making these more pressing concerns to address initially. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of abuse and neglect among foster care children is essential for healthcare providers working with this population. Recognizing and addressing these issues early can lead to better outcomes for the children and help create a safer and supportive environment for them to thrive. It underscores the importance of trauma-informed care and the need for comprehensive assessments in caring for foster care children.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-month-old precious baby of a keen and highly educated family presented with history of URTI followed by deterioration of level of consciousness and seizure. CT brain shows intracranial bleeding with no evidence of skull fracture. Fundoscopy was normal. Mother gives history of difficult labor but with normal development, mild hypotonia, and macrocephaly which was reassured initially by general Pediatrician. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) glutaric aciduria type 1. This condition is a rare metabolic disorder that can lead to intracranial bleeding, especially in infants with macrocephaly and hypotonia. The history of difficult labor is also consistent with this diagnosis, as birth trauma can trigger symptoms in affected individuals. Additionally, the initial reassurance by the general Pediatrician highlights the importance of considering metabolic disorders in cases where symptoms may not initially seem severe. Option A) residual birth trauma is incorrect because the presentation is not typical of residual birth trauma, as there is no evidence of skull fracture and the symptoms are more indicative of a metabolic disorder. Option B) arteriovenous malformation is unlikely in this case as the CT scan did not show any vascular abnormalities that would suggest this condition. Option C) acute viral encephalitis is also less likely given the absence of characteristic findings on imaging and the presence of a metabolic disorder that better explains the symptoms. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering rare metabolic disorders in infants presenting with neurological symptoms, especially when there is a history of difficult labor and developmental abnormalities. It underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation and a high index of suspicion for less common conditions in pediatric patients.
Question 5 of 5
Jaundice is most likely to be physiologic in a term infant in which of the following situations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding jaundice in newborns is crucial. The correct answer is B) Serum bilirubin level increasing less than 5 mg/dL in the first 48-72 hours. This is indicative of physiologic jaundice, a common and benign condition in newborns due to the immature liver processing bilirubin. Physiologic jaundice typically appears after 24 hours of life, peaks around day 3-4, and resolves by day 7-10. Option A is incorrect as jaundice within 24 hours is more likely to be pathologic. Option C is wrong because a direct serum bilirubin greater than 1 mg/dL is concerning for pathology. Option D is incorrect as jaundice appearing after day 7 is outside the typical time frame for physiologic jaundice. Educationally, it's important for pediatric nurses to grasp the timing, pattern, and risk factors for jaundice in newborns to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic causes. Monitoring bilirubin levels, assessing clinical signs, and knowing when to intervene are essential skills to ensure optimal care for neonates.