ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following, the LEAST common cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal meningitis is most often due to E. coli (C), GBS (D), and Listeria (E). Klebsiella (A) is the least common among these, per neonatal sepsis studies.
Question 2 of 5
The first-line therapy of sinusitis in children is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amoxicillin-clavulanate (E) is first-line for pediatric sinusitis, covering common pathogens, per AAP guidelines.
Question 3 of 5
The MOST common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parainfluenza viruses (B) are the leading cause of croup, per virology data.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old child admitted to hospital with history of high fever, cough, and tachypnea; chest radiograph reveals lobar pneumonia treated with I.V. ceftriaxone with partial response; 7 days later, the fever recurs with toxicity, new chest radiograph reveals cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level. Of the following, the BEST management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Necrotizing pneumonia with cavitation suggests S. aureus or anaerobes; adding clindamycin (D) targets these, per IDSA guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
One of the mechanisms of infectious diarrhea is increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels which mainly occurred by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vibrio cholerae (D) increases cAMP, causing secretory diarrhea, per pathophysiology.