Of the following, the drug that is MOST likely associated with drug-induced lupus is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) isoniazid. Isoniazid is a medication commonly used to treat tuberculosis, but it is also known to be associated with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE). Drug-induced lupus is a rare condition where certain medications can trigger lupus-like symptoms in susceptible individuals. Isoniazid is particularly known to cause DILE due to its association with anti-histone antibodies, a hallmark of drug-induced lupus. Symptoms of DILE typically resolve once the medication is stopped. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: B) Rifampin is a medication used to treat tuberculosis as well, but it is not commonly associated with drug-induced lupus. C) Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections, and while it can cause drug-induced autoimmune reactions, it is not typically associated with lupus. D) Penicillin is a commonly used antibiotic that is not known to be associated with drug-induced lupus. Educational Context: Understanding the side effects and adverse reactions of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatrics where dosages and drug interactions need to be carefully monitored. Recognizing drug-induced lupus as a potential adverse effect of certain medications, like isoniazid, helps nurses and pediatric caregivers provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the characteristics of DILE-inducing drugs, healthcare providers can promptly identify and manage such reactions, ensuring the best outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD), cardiac complications are common due to the systemic inflammatory response affecting the blood vessels, including the coronary arteries. Myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery aneurysm are all potential complications seen in KD due to the inflammation and damage to the heart and blood vessels. The correct answer, D) mitral regurgitation, is not typically associated with the acute phase of KD. Mitral regurgitation is a condition where the heart's mitral valve does not close tightly, causing blood to flow backward in the heart. Although it can occur in the long-term complications of KD, it is not a typical cardiac manifestation in the acute phase. Educationally, understanding the cardiac complications of KD is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these potential complications early can help in prompt intervention and prevent long-term cardiac sequelae. By knowing the specific cardiac issues that can arise in KD, nurses can advocate for appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the psychosocial impact of war on children is crucial for providing holistic care. In this question, the correct answer is D) acute stress reaction. This is because acute stress reactions are a common and expected response to traumatic events such as war in children. It is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation and can manifest in various ways including anxiety, fear, and behavioral changes. Option A) loss of family members is a psychosocial impact of war on children as it can lead to grief, trauma, and a sense of abandonment. Option B) separation from community is also a valid psychosocial impact as it can result in feelings of isolation and loss of support systems. Option C) lack of education is another significant impact as war often disrupts schools and educational opportunities for children, impacting their future prospects and well-being. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the various psychosocial impacts of war on children to provide effective care and support. By recognizing these effects, nurses can implement appropriate interventions to address the unique needs of children who have experienced war-related trauma. This knowledge helps in promoting resilience, facilitating healing, and promoting overall well-being in pediatric patients affected by war.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the assessment and management of failure to thrive is crucial. When evaluating a child with failure to thrive, it is important to consider various underlying factors such as chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine infections, and metabolic disorders. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) renal symptoms. Renal symptoms are not typically suggestive of metabolic problems in the context of failure to thrive. Metabolic disorders often present with insidious history, recurrent vomiting, and neurologic symptoms. Therefore, ruling out renal symptoms can help to narrow down the differential diagnosis in these cases. Insidious history, recurrent vomiting, and neurologic symptoms are common features of metabolic disorders in children. An insidious history refers to a gradual onset of symptoms, which is characteristic of metabolic conditions. Recurrent vomiting can be a sign of metabolic dysfunction affecting the gastrointestinal system. Neurologic symptoms such as seizures, developmental delay, and altered mental status are often seen in metabolic disorders due to their impact on the nervous system. Educationally, understanding the clinical presentation of different underlying factors in failure to thrive is essential for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care. By differentiating between symptoms suggestive of metabolic disorders and other conditions, nurses can assist in the early identification and appropriate management of children with failure to thrive.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is C) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a condition characterized by bleeding in the first few days of life due to vitamin K deficiency, which is essential for blood clotting. This condition is common in newborns who did not receive vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. Option A) Pyridoxine deficiency is incorrect because it is related to a deficiency in vitamin B6, which does not typically present with bleeding as a prominent symptom. Option B) Severe scurvy is incorrect as scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency and is not associated with bleeding disorders like hemorrhagic disease. Option D) Child abuse is unrelated to the symptoms described in the question and would not be a likely diagnosis based on the clinical presentation. In an educational context, understanding the differential diagnosis of bleeding in a newborn is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications such as intracranial hemorrhage. It also highlights the importance of vitamin K administration to newborns to prevent this condition.