Of the following, the drug that is MOST likely associated with drug-induced lupus is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) isoniazid. Isoniazid is a medication commonly used to treat tuberculosis. Drug-induced lupus is a rare side effect associated with certain medications, including isoniazid. It is believed to result from the body's immune response to the drug, leading to symptoms similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. Rifampin (option B) is not typically associated with drug-induced lupus. It is a medication also used to treat tuberculosis but does not commonly cause lupus-like symptoms. Nitrofurantoin (option C) is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections. While it can cause side effects like pulmonary reactions, it is not a known cause of drug-induced lupus. Penicillin (option D) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat various infections. Penicillin is not known to be associated with drug-induced lupus. Educationally, understanding the potential side effects and adverse reactions of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. Recognizing drug-induced lupus as a potential complication of isoniazid can aid in early identification and management of this condition in pediatric patients, ensuring safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD), the correct answer, D) mitral regurgitation, is not a common cardiac complication. Myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery aneurysm are all possible complications seen in KD due to the systemic inflammatory response affecting the heart and blood vessels. Myocarditis involves inflammation of the heart muscle, pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the sac around the heart), and coronary artery aneurysm is a serious complication where the coronary arteries become weakened and form aneurysms. These complications can lead to serious cardiac issues and even result in long-term heart problems if not managed promptly. Educationally, understanding the cardiac complications of KD is crucial for pediatric nurses as early recognition and intervention can help prevent serious outcomes. Knowing the specific complications associated with KD aids in timely assessment, monitoring, and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between potential complications to provide effective care and support for children with KD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the psychosocial impact of war on children is crucial for providing comprehensive care. The correct answer, option D, "acute stress reaction," is not a factor that shows the psychosocial impact of war on children. Acute stress reactions are immediate responses to a traumatic event and do not necessarily encompass the long-term effects of war on children's mental health. Option A, "loss of family members," is a significant psychosocial impact of war on children as it can lead to feelings of grief, abandonment, and emotional distress. Children rely heavily on their families for support and stability, so losing family members can have profound effects on their well-being. Option B, "separation from community," is another important factor as war often displaces families, forcing children to leave their familiar environments, friends, and support systems. This can result in feelings of isolation, loneliness, and a lack of belonging. Option C, "lack of education," is also a relevant factor as war disrupts educational systems, leading to limited access to schooling, resources, and opportunities for children. This can impact their cognitive development, social interactions, and future prospects. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to be aware of these psychosocial impacts to provide holistic care for children affected by war. By understanding these factors, nurses can implement appropriate interventions, offer support services, and advocate for policies that promote the well-being of these vulnerable populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the identification and differentiation of various causes of failure to thrive are crucial for providing appropriate care. Metabolic disorders are one of the key areas to consider in such cases. Option D, "renal symptoms," is the correct answer as it is not typically suggestive of metabolic problems. Renal symptoms would point more towards issues related to the kidneys rather than metabolic disorders. Option A, "insidious history," is indicative of a metabolic problem as these disorders often present with a gradual onset and progression, which aligns with an insidious history. Option B, "recurrent vomiting," is suggestive of metabolic issues as it can be a sign of metabolic acidosis or other metabolic disturbances. Option C, "neurologic symptoms," are also often seen in metabolic disorders due to the impact of metabolic derangements on the nervous system. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is vital for nurses caring for pediatric patients with failure to thrive. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms associated with metabolic disorders can lead to timely interventions and improved outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a condition characterized by bleeding in the first few days of life due to vitamin K deficiency, which can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. This condition is common in infants who did not receive vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. Option A) Pyridoxine deficiency is incorrect because it is related to vitamin B6 deficiency, which does not typically present with bleeding in newborns. Option B) Severe scurvy is incorrect as scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency and is rare in newborns. Option D) Child abuse is incorrect in this context as the symptoms described are indicative of a medical condition (hemorrhagic disease of the newborn) rather than physical trauma. Educationally, understanding the importance of vitamin K administration to newborns is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric settings. This question highlights the significance of early recognition and management of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn to prevent serious complications such as intracranial hemorrhage. Healthcare professionals need to be vigilant in ensuring that newborns receive appropriate vitamin K supplementation to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition.