Of the following, the condition which is associated with polyhydramnios is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the association between polyhydramnios and various conditions is crucial for providing comprehensive care. In this case, the correct answer is D) intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus in the womb. It can be caused by fetal inability to swallow amniotic fluid, as seen in intestinal pseudo-obstruction. This condition impairs the normal peristalsis of the intestines, leading to a build-up of amniotic fluid. Option A) renal agenesis (Potter syndrome) is associated with oligohydramnios, a decreased amount of amniotic fluid due to renal abnormalities. Option B) Prune-belly syndrome is not typically linked to polyhydramnios but rather presents with a triad of abdominal muscle deficiency, urinary tract anomalies, and undescended testes. Option C) pulmonary hypoplasia is more commonly associated with oligohydramnios due to inadequate fetal lung development in reduced amniotic fluid environments. Educationally, linking polyhydramnios to specific conditions enhances diagnostic reasoning skills and informs appropriate nursing interventions. Understanding these associations aids in early identification of potential complications and facilitates a holistic approach to pediatric patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, the administration of antenatal corticosteroids to women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation is a crucial intervention aimed at promoting fetal lung maturity and reducing the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. The correct answer, B) postnatal growth, is the exception because antenatal corticosteroids primarily impact lung development and function rather than postnatal growth parameters. The administration of corticosteroids does not directly influence postnatal growth outcomes in premature infants. Option A) incidence and mortality of RDS is impacted positively by antenatal corticosteroids as they aid in reducing respiratory complications. Option C) the overall neonatal mortality is reduced as a result of decreased incidence of RDS and other complications. Option D) need for and duration of ventilatory support is also decreased due to the improved lung function resulting from antenatal corticosteroid administration. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind administering antenatal corticosteroids can help pediatric nursing students grasp the importance of evidence-based interventions in improving neonatal outcomes. It underscores the significance of this intervention in reducing respiratory morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, thereby emphasizing the holistic care approach in neonatal nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding predisposing factors for conditions like persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is option A) anemia. Anemia is not a typical predisposing factor for PPHN. PPHN is primarily associated with respiratory distress, and factors such as meconium aspiration syndrome, early-onset sepsis, and birth asphyxia are more commonly linked to this condition. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, leading to respiratory issues. Early-onset sepsis can cause systemic inflammation, affecting the pulmonary vasculature. Birth asphyxia, which involves oxygen deprivation during birth, can impact lung function and contribute to PPHN. Understanding these predisposing factors is crucial for nurses caring for newborns at risk for PPHN. By recognizing these associations, nurses can provide early interventions, closely monitor at-risk infants, and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients. This knowledge underscores the importance of thorough assessment, prompt recognition of risk factors, and timely interventions in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Breast milk jaundice is a common condition in newborns, characterized by elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in breastfed infants. The correct answer, D) kernicterus never occurs, is true because breast milk jaundice, although it can cause prolonged jaundice, does not lead to kernicterus, a severe neurological condition resulting from high bilirubin levels. Option A) is incorrect because breast milk jaundice develops in around 2% of breastfed term infants, making it a common occurrence. Option B) is incorrect as maximal unconjugated bilirubin concentrations as high as 10-30 mg/dL can indeed be reached during the 2nd-3rd week in breast milk jaundice. Option C) is also incorrect as jaundice in breast milk jaundice can persist for 3-10 weeks, contributing to parental concerns and the necessity for monitoring. From an educational standpoint, understanding breast milk jaundice is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide proper care and education to parents. Differentiating breast milk jaundice from pathological jaundice is vital to avoid unnecessary interventions. Nurses should educate parents on monitoring jaundice, feeding practices, and when to seek medical attention if the jaundice persists or worsens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and maternal health, understanding the implications of diabetes on pregnancy is crucial. Diabetic mothers are at an increased risk of various complications during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, pyelonephritis, and preterm labor. The correct answer, A) Oligohydramnios, is not typically associated with diabetic mothers. Oligohydramnios refers to a decreased volume of amniotic fluid, which is more commonly linked to other factors such as fetal anomalies or post-term pregnancies. Preeclampsia (B) is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, often seen in diabetic pregnancies due to the strain on the maternal cardiovascular system. Pyelonephritis (C), a kidney infection, can occur more frequently in diabetic mothers due to compromised immune function. Preterm labor (D) is also a common complication in diabetic pregnancies due to the increased risk of macrosomia and other factors. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the unique risks faced by diabetic mothers during pregnancy. It emphasizes the need for close monitoring and proactive management to prevent adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Understanding these specific risks equips nurses to provide comprehensive care and support to diabetic mothers throughout pregnancy and childbirth.