ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the following salicylates, which does not exhibit an analgesic effects:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylic acid, which is the parent compound of the salicylate drug class, does not exhibit analgesic effects. In order to have analgesic effects, such as pain relief, salicylic acid needs to be modified into derivatives like acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), sodium salicylate, salicylamide, and diflunisal. These derivatives possess analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) and subsequently decrease prostaglandin production.
Question 2 of 5
Which class of targeted therapy would cause the nurse the most concern in regard to a possible infusion reaction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, are more likely to cause infusion reactions compared to other classes of targeted therapy. These reactions can range from mild symptoms like fever and chills to severe anaphylaxis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors are less commonly associated with infusion reactions. The nurse should closely monitor patients receiving monoclonal antibodies during infusion and be prepared to manage any adverse reactions promptly.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse has a patient demonstrate self-administration of eyedrops. Place the steps in the order in which the patient will perform them.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order for self-administering eyedrops is: 1. Wash hands (g). 2. Remove the cap (d). 3. Gently shake the bottle to evenly distribute the drug (b). 4. Tilt the head backward and look upward (e). 5. Pull the lower lid away from the eye so that a pouch is formed (a). 6. Place the dropper just above the pouch without touching the tip to the eye or finger (f). 7. Gently squeeze one drop of medicine into the pouch (h). 8. Press a finger against the inner corner of the eye for 2 to 3 minutes (c). This sequence ensures proper administration and minimizes the risk of contamination or systemic absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A 77-year-old man who has been diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a patient reports a drug allergy, it is essential for the nurse to gather specific information about the nature of the reaction. Asking, 'What type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?' allows the nurse to determine whether the reaction was a true allergy (e.g., anaphylaxis) or a side effect (e.g., gastrointestinal upset). This information is critical for guiding treatment decisions and avoiding potentially life-threatening situations. Dismissing the allergy or making assumptions about its relevance based on the patient's age is inappropriate and could compromise patient safety. Therefore, the nurse's priority is to assess the details of the allergic reaction.
Question 5 of 5
The most serious adverse effect of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are associated with a high risk of toxicity in overdose, with cardiac arrhythmias being the most serious and life-threatening complication. TCAs can block sodium channels in the heart, leading to prolonged QRS intervals, ventricular tachycardia, and even cardiac arrest. Hyperpyrexia, seizures, and metabolic acidosis can also occur, but cardiac arrhythmias are the primary concern due to their potential to cause sudden death. Immediate medical intervention is required to manage TCA overdose, including cardiac monitoring and administration of sodium bicarbonate.