ATI RN
Use of Psychotropic Medications Questions
Question 1 of 5
Of the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column, there are:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5 lumbar vertebrae. The spinal column has 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. The lumbar region is located in the lower back and consists of 5 vertebrae. This is supported by anatomical knowledge and textbook references. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: B: 5 thoracic vertebrae - This is incorrect as there are actually 12 thoracic vertebrae. C: 7 sacral vertebrae - This is incorrect as there are only 5 sacral vertebrae. D: 12 cervical vertebrae - This is incorrect as there are 7 cervical vertebrae. In summary, the correct answer is A because the lumbar region of the spinal column consists of 5 vertebrae, while the other choices provided inaccurate numbers of vertebrae for their respective
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is examining a 3-month-old infant. While the nurse holds his or her thumbs on the infant's inner mid thighs and the fingers on the outside of the infant's hips, touching the greater trochanter, the nurse adducts the legs until his or her thumbs touch and then abducts the legs until the infant's knees touch the table. The nurse does not notice any 'clunking' sounds and is confident to record a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Negative Ortolani sign. The Ortolani test is performed to assess for hip dislocation in infants. In a negative Ortolani sign, there is no 'clunking' sound heard when the hip is reduced back into place. The test involves adducting the legs until thumbs touch and then abducting the legs until knees touch the table. If there is no 'clunking' sound, it indicates that the hip joint is stable. Choices A and C are incorrect because a positive Allis test and positive Ortolani sign would indicate hip dysplasia or dislocation, which is not the case in this scenario. Choice B is incorrect because a negative Allis test is not a recognized assessment for hip dislocation in infants.
Question 3 of 5
A patient's annual physical examination reveals a lateral curvature of the thoracic and lumbar segments of his spine; however, this curvature disappears with forward bending. The nurse knows that this abnormality of the spine is called:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Functional scoliosis. This type of scoliosis is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine that disappears with forward bending. The key characteristic here is the reversibility of the curve upon bending, indicating that the curvature is not fixed but rather due to factors such as muscle imbalance or leg length discrepancy. Structural scoliosis (A) involves fixed curvature that does not correct with bending. Herniated nucleus pulposus (C) refers to a spinal disc issue, not a curvature of the spine. Dislocated hip (D) is a separate condition involving the hip joint, not related to spinal curvature.
Question 4 of 5
A man who has had gout for several years comes to the clinic with a problem with his toe. On examination, the nurse notices the presence of hard, painless nodules over the great toe; one has burst open with a chalky discharge. This finding is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tophi. Tophi are deposits of uric acid crystals that accumulate in the joints of individuals with chronic gout. The presence of hard, painless nodules over the great toe that burst open with a chalky discharge is a classic presentation of tophi in a patient with gout. Tophi are not painful but can cause joint deformities and damage if left untreated. A: Callus is a thickened and hardened area of skin that forms in response to repeated pressure or friction. Calluses are not associated with gout or chalky discharge. B: Plantar wart is a benign growth on the sole of the foot caused by a viral infection. Plantar warts do not typically present with chalky discharge or nodules. C: Bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. Bunions are not associated with gout or chalky discharge. In summary, the presence of
Question 5 of 5
A patient with a lack of oxygen to his heart will have pain in his chest and possibly in the shoulder, arms, or jaw. The nurse knows that the best explanation why this occurs is which one of these statements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the sensory cortex does not have the ability to localize pain in the heart. When the heart lacks oxygen, pain signals are perceived in other areas like the chest, shoulder, arms, or jaw due to a phenomenon called referred pain. The heart and these other areas share nerve pathways, leading to the brain interpreting the pain as originating from these other regions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific mechanism of referred pain and the role of the sensory cortex in interpreting pain signals from different parts of the body.