Obstructive shock is characterized by which of the

Question 1 of 5

Obstructive shock is characterized by which of the following?

A. Mechanical obstruction to ventricular outflow B. Airway obstruction C. Generalized vasoconstriction D. Hypovolemia

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obstructive shock occurs due to conditions like cardiac tamponade or pulmonary embolism, which impede blood flow despite adequate intravascular volume. It leads to decreased cardiac output and tissue hypoperfusion.

Question 2 of 5

A 3-month-old baby girl admitted to pediatric intensive care unit with severe head injury (evident by CT scan), the history given by parents was trivial and not informative. You suspected child abuse. Of the following, the MOST helpful study to support your suspicion is

A. infantogram (one shot for entire body) B. lateral and AP view X-ray of the spine C. lateral and AP view X-ray of skull D. radionuclide bone scan

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Radionuclide bone scans are highly sensitive for detecting occult fractures, which are common in cases of non-accidental trauma. Infantograms and X-rays may miss subtle fractures.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus?

A. Positive ANA test B. Renal disorder C. Joint involvement D. High cholesterol

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High cholesterol is not a diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus; it is unrelated to the disease process.

Question 4 of 5

You are discussing with the medical students the role of systemic steroids for the management of rheumatologic diseases. Your discussion should include all the following statements EXCEPT

A. for management of severe systemic illness B. they are used for bridge therapy during the wait for therapeutic response to a disease modified anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) C. they are effective for control of uveitis D. they prevent joint destruction

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Steroids do not prevent joint destruction; they only reduce inflammation temporarily.

Question 5 of 5

A 5-year-old underwent a tonsillectomy and an adenoidectomy under general anesthesia. The parents tell you that the anesthesiologist said that she â€œfought the mask and cried a lotâ€ on induction. You are the pediatrician for this child, and 8 days after surgery, the parents call to report that the child, who previously slept well at night, now awakens nightly screaming with bad dreams. She is more irritable and cranky than before surgery and has angry outbursts. She is more â€œclingyâ€ and wants her parents to cuddle her frequently. She reports that in her dreams, she canâ€™t move, there is a tube in her throat, and she feels the surgeon cutting her throat. A review of her anesthetic record suggests an uneventful intraoperative course, with stable vital signs. All of the following statements about this situation are true EXCEPT

A. this is an extreme reaction and suggests a severe underlying tendency toward psychiatric illness B. traumatic induction of anesthesia can commonly produce behavioral changes for several weeksâ€”in the majority of cases, these resolve within 4-6 weeks C. parental presence for mask induction of anesthesia may reduce the distress of induction for some children and may reduce the incidence of some postoperative behavioral changes D. intraoperative awareness can occur during general anesthesia and could possibly account for the content of her dreams and some of the severity of these behavioral changes

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described reaction, while distressing, is not necessarily indicative of severe psychiatric illness but rather a response to traumatic anesthesia induction.