ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Obligatory losses represent the amount of sodium that normally needs to be replenished in the body in order to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Obligatory losses do not represent the amount of sodium that needs to be replenished in the body. Instead, they refer to the minimum amount of sodium that the body must excrete daily to maintain proper sodium balance. Replenishing sodium is not the purpose of obligatory losses. Choice A is incorrect because obligatory losses do not indicate the amount of sodium that needs to be replenished. Choices C and D are not applicable as they are not valid answers to the question.
Question 2 of 5
When the body becomes dehydrated (H O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and increased blood osmolarity. Step 2: Decreased blood volume triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to conserve water. Step 3: ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urinary output. Step 4: Increased blood osmolarity stimulates thirst to encourage water intake. Step 5: Therefore, both urinary output and thirst increase in response to dehydration. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it explains the physiological responses to dehydration. - Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the well-established mechanisms of the body. - Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.
Question 3 of 5
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located in close proximity to the cells in the hypothalamus that produce vasopressin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (TRUE). Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located near the cells that produce vasopressin to regulate water balance. This proximity allows for efficient communication and coordination between osmoreceptor activity and vasopressin secretion. Osmoreceptors sense changes in blood osmolality and signal the release of vasopressin to help maintain water balance in the body. The close proximity between these structures enhances the rapid response to osmotic changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between osmoreceptors and vasopressin production in the hypothalamus.
Question 4 of 5
Paraesthesia—tingling in the extremities—is a common consequence of acidosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Acidosis leads to decreased blood flow to extremities, causing nerve dysfunction. 2. Nerves can become hypersensitive, leading to tingling sensations (paraesthesia). 3. Paraesthesia is a common symptom in acidosis due to nerve irritation. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide valid reasoning for paraesthesia in acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffers do not remove excess H+ from the body; instead, they help maintain the pH balance by either accepting or releasing H+ ions to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers act as reservoirs for H+ ions, helping to minimize pH fluctuations. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are invalid because buffers do not actively remove H+ ions but rather help regulate their concentration.