Nursing intervention during the lumbar puncture procedure includes:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a lumbar puncture procedure, it is important to position the patient correctly to facilitate the procedure and minimize the risk of complications. Placing the patient on their side with their knees drawn up to their chest helps open up the spaces in the lower spine, making it easier for the healthcare provider to access the appropriate area for the procedure. This position also helps to minimize the risk of post-procedure complications such as spinal headaches. Monitoring the patient's vital signs is important but does not specifically relate to the nursing intervention during the lumbar puncture procedure. Labeling laboratory specimens in numerical order is also a routine task but not directly related to the procedure itself. Thus, the correct intervention during the lumbar puncture procedure is positioning the patient on their side with knees drawn up to the chest.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pinkeye." This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids) due to a bacterial infection. It is a common eye condition that can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and a discharge from the eye. Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection. It is important for patients with pinkeye to practice good hygiene, avoid sharing towels or pillows, and wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection to others.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms described in the client, such as increased urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain suggest hyperparathyroidism. In hyperparathyroidism, excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood. This results in symptoms such as increased thirst and urination (polyuria), anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain. The bone pain in hyperparathyroidism can be severe and interfere with the client's ability to go outdoors. It is essential to consider hyperparathyroidism as a potential cause of these symptoms in the 68-year-old client and further diagnostic evaluations should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: There is a well-established positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes due to excess body fat leading to increased insulin resistance. As fat accumulates in the body, especially around the abdomen, the cells become less responsive to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. This can ultimately lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Managing obesity through lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and regular exercise is crucial in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Recent research suggests that the majority of peptic ulcers are caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. This bacterium weakens the protective mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum, leading to damage from stomach acid. Genetic defects in the gastric mucosa, high fat diet, and work-related stress may exacerbate the condition but are not the primary cause of peptic ulcers. Therefore, the most likely cause based on current understanding is H. pylori infection.