Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses, in that they are

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) primarily concerned with human response, while medical diagnoses are primarily concerned with pathology. This is because nursing diagnoses focus on identifying the patient's response to an illness or health condition, taking into account the psychological, emotional, and social aspects of the individual. In contrast, medical diagnoses are centered around identifying the specific disease or condition affecting the patient's physical health. Option A is incorrect because nursing diagnoses are independent of medical diagnoses and are based on the nurse's assessment of the patient's responses and needs. While medical diagnoses may inform the treatment plan, nursing interventions are directed towards addressing the patient's unique responses to their health status. Option B is incorrect because although nursing care emphasizes holistic care and addressing the patient's emotional and psychological needs, nursing diagnoses are not solely focused on caring. They involve a systematic process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation to address the patient's health problems. Option D is incorrect because nursing diagnoses encompass a wide range of parameters, including physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. While nurses do consider psychosocial factors in their assessments and interventions, nursing diagnoses extend beyond just psychosocial parameters to address the patient's overall response to their health condition. Understanding the distinction between nursing and medical diagnoses is crucial for nursing practice as it guides nurses in providing individualized and holistic care to patients. By recognizing the human responses to illness, nurses can tailor interventions to promote the patient's well-being and improve health outcomes effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the primary action is B) Decision-making and judgment. This is because during evaluation, the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the care plan in achieving the desired outcomes. The nurse analyzes the data collected, makes judgments about the progress of the patient, and decides whether to continue, modify, or terminate the care plan. Option A) Data collection is part of the assessment phase, where the nurse gathers information about the patient's health status. Option C) Priority-setting and expected outcomes are part of the planning phase, where the nurse establishes priorities and sets goals. Option D) Reassessment and audit are important aspects of the entire nursing process but are not the primary actions during the evaluation phase. In an educational context, understanding the significance of each phase of the nursing process is crucial for providing effective patient care. By correctly identifying the actions involved in each phase, nurses can ensure they are delivering comprehensive and evidence-based care that meets the needs of their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "There is no standardization among the manufacturers of herbs in this country." This statement demonstrates an accurate understanding about herbal supplements because it highlights a crucial point about the lack of standardization in the production of herbal products. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, herbal supplements are not as strictly regulated in terms of quality control, consistency, and potency. This variability among different manufacturers can lead to differences in the actual content and effectiveness of herbal supplements, posing potential risks to consumers. Option A is incorrect because herbs can interact not only with prescribed medications but also with other herbs, leading to potential adverse effects or reduced efficacy of either substance. Option B is misleading because while some herbs have been studied for safety and efficacy, not all herbs have undergone rigorous testing, and some may have harmful effects or interactions with medications. Option C is incorrect as the FDA does not regulate herbs as strictly as pharmaceuticals, and advertising regulations for herbal supplements are not as stringent, leading to potential misinformation being disseminated to the public. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers and patients to be aware of the lack of standardization in herbal supplement manufacturing. This knowledge can help individuals make informed decisions about the use of herbal products, understand the potential risks associated with them, and consult healthcare professionals for guidance on safe and effective herbal supplement use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best strategy for the nurse to use when teaching insulin injection techniques to a newly diagnosed client with diabetes is option D: Observe a return demonstration. Rationale: - Option D is the correct answer because observing a return demonstration allows the nurse to assess the client's understanding and mastery of the insulin injection technique. This hands-on approach ensures that the client can accurately perform the procedure independently. - Option A, giving written pre and post-tests, may assess theoretical knowledge but does not ensure practical skill acquisition, which is crucial in insulin administration. - Option B, asking questions during practice, is helpful for clarifying doubts but may not guarantee that the client can perform the injection correctly. - Option C, allowing another diabetic to assist, may provide peer support but does not offer direct feedback on the client's technique. Educational Context: In medical-surgical nursing practice, teaching insulin injection techniques is a critical skill for clients with diabetes. Providing hands-on demonstrations and return demonstrations is essential to ensure client safety and independence in managing their condition. Observing a return demonstration allows for immediate feedback and correction, enhancing the client's confidence and competence in performing insulin injections accurately.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most important risk factor for delayed wound healing is long-term steroid usage (Option C). Steroids can suppress the immune system and inhibit the inflammatory response necessary for proper wound healing. Prolonged steroid use can impair collagen synthesis and weaken the skin's ability to regenerate, leading to delayed wound healing. Option A, a glucose level of 120 mg/dl, may be a concern for overall health and diabetes management, but it is not directly related to delayed wound healing unless significantly elevated. Option B, a history of myocardial infarction, while a serious health condition, is not directly linked to delayed wound healing unless it has resulted in compromised circulation or other systemic issues affecting healing. Option D, a diet high in carbohydrates, can impact overall health and contribute to conditions like obesity and diabetes, but it is not as directly related to delayed wound healing as long-term steroid usage. Educationally, understanding the impact of various risk factors on wound healing is crucial for nurses caring for patients with wounds. By recognizing the influence of factors like steroid use, nurses can implement appropriate interventions and collaborate with healthcare providers to optimize healing outcomes for their patients.