Nurses are often the first health care professional with whom a woman comes into contact after being sexually assaulteWhich statement best describes the initial care of a rape victim?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "The victim leaves the health care facility without feeling re-victimized," is the best description of the initial care of a rape victim by a nurse. This response focuses on the crucial aspect of providing trauma-informed care to ensure that the victim feels supported, safe, and empowered throughout the examination process. Option A, preserving legal evidence during the physical examination, is not the best initial priority as the immediate focus should be on the victim's physical and emotional well-being. While preserving evidence is important for legal proceedings, it should not take precedence over the victim's immediate needs. Option B, where the victim decides not to pursue legal proceedings, is also not the best choice because the primary concern at the initial stage is to address the victim's physical and emotional needs rather than legal decisions. Option C, where the victim states she will advocate against sexual violence, is a positive response but may not necessarily reflect the immediate care provided by the nurse in the initial encounter. It is essential for the nurse to provide support and resources for advocacy but ensuring the victim feels safe and not re-victimized is the immediate priority. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to be trained in providing trauma-informed care to survivors of sexual assault. This includes creating a safe and supportive environment, respecting the victim's autonomy and decisions, and prioritizing their well-being throughout the examination process. By choosing option D, the victim can leave the healthcare facility feeling supported and not re-traumatized, which is a key aspect of providing quality care to survivors of sexual assault.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A moderately obese adolescent (20% to 30% above ideal weight) may have early onset menstruation. Girls who regularly exercise before menarche can have delayed onset of menstruation to age 18 years. Anatomic abnormalities and Type 1 diabetes mellitus are also possible causes but obesity is least likely.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) "I feel irritable and moody a week before my period is supposed to start" because this symptom is characteristic of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS typically manifests with emotional symptoms such as irritability, mood swings, and anxiety in the days leading up to menstruation. These emotional changes are often due to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Option B) "I have lower abdominal pain beginning on the third day of my menstrual period" describes dysmenorrhea, which is menstrual pain or cramps that occur during menstruation, not premenstrual symptoms. Option C) "I have nausea and headaches after my period starts and they last 2 to 3 days" could be indicative of other issues such as menstrual migraines or gastrointestinal disturbances, but are not typical symptoms of PMS. Option D) "I have abdominal bloating and breast pain after a couple days of my period" describes symptoms that may occur during menstruation, but are not specific to PMS. Educationally, understanding the symptoms of PMS is important for both individuals experiencing these symptoms and healthcare providers to provide appropriate management and support. Recognizing the distinction between PMS and other menstrual-related issues helps in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Breast cancer. When discussing hormone therapy with a perimenopausal client, it is crucial to identify preexisting conditions that may impact the risks and benefits of treatment. Breast cancer is a significant concern because hormone therapy, particularly estrogen-progestin therapy, has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Therefore, in a client with a history of breast cancer, hormone therapy may not be recommended due to the potential for cancer recurrence or growth. Option B) Vaginal and urinary tract atrophy is a common symptom of menopause that can be effectively treated with hormone therapy. While it is important to address this issue in perimenopausal clients, it is not as critical to identify as a history of breast cancer. Option C) Osteoporosis is another condition that can benefit from hormone therapy as it helps maintain bone density. However, in the context of a perimenopausal client with a history of breast cancer, the focus should be on the potential risks associated with hormone therapy rather than its benefits for osteoporosis. Option D) Arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is not directly related to the discussion of hormone therapy in a perimenopausal client. While cardiovascular health is an important consideration in hormone therapy, a history of breast cancer takes precedence in this scenario. In an educational context, understanding the importance of individualized care and considering a client's medical history when discussing treatment options is crucial in providing safe and effective care. It highlights the need for healthcare providers to assess risks and benefits carefully, especially with hormone therapy, which can have significant implications for certain preexisting conditions.

Correct Answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C) PMS is a complex poorly understood condition that may include any of a hundred symptoms. This statement is accurate because premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is indeed a complex condition with a wide range of symptoms that can vary greatly among individuals. The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, and it is believed to involve a combination of hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter changes, and other factors. Option A is incorrect because premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is not a milder form of PMS; it is a more severe and debilitating condition that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. PMDD is not necessarily more common in young women either. Option B is incorrect because secondary dysmenorrhea is not more intense than primary dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea is typically caused by an underlying medical condition such as endometriosis or fibroids, while primary dysmenorrhea is usually related to normal menstrual processes. Option D is incorrect because the causes of PMS are not well-established. While hormonal fluctuations are believed to play a role, the exact mechanisms and contributing factors are still being researched. In an educational context, understanding the complexities of menstrual health issues like PMS is important for healthcare providers to provide accurate information, support, and treatment options for individuals experiencing these symptoms. By recognizing the nuances of these conditions, healthcare professionals can better address the needs of their patients and offer appropriate care and management strategies.