Nurses and community officials are working together to ensure that churches and schools have needed supplies to provide shelter for large numbers of individuals in the event of a natural or manmade disaster. These activities represent which phase of a disaster continuum?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preparedness. In this scenario, nurses and community officials are proactively planning and organizing resources to be ready for a disaster. Preparedness involves activities such as training, drills, and stockpiling supplies to ensure an effective response. Relief response (B) occurs during or immediately after a disaster to provide immediate assistance. Recovery (C) focuses on restoring community infrastructure and services post-disaster. Crisis intervention (D) is a short-term, immediate response to individuals in distress. In this case, the focus is on prevention and readiness, fitting the preparedness phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: infection control. In this scenario, the nurse is focusing on preventing and controlling the spread of hospital-acquired diarrhea among pediatric patients. By investigating the incidence rates and implementing measures to reduce the risk of infection transmission, the nurse is fulfilling the role of infection control. Quality management (A) focuses on improving processes and outcomes, not specifically on infection prevention. Occupational health (C) involves ensuring workplace safety for employees, not patient infection control. Forensics (D) involves investigating and analyzing evidence related to crimes or legal matters, not infection control in a healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in the ABC system, tasks coded as A are considered the most important and urgent. Calling the pharmacy to check drug availability for a patient directly impacts patient care and safety, making it a priority. B, checking a ventilator alarm, is important but not as urgent as ensuring medication availability. C, organizing the medication cart, is important but not necessarily urgent like patient-related tasks. D, writing memos for a birthday gift, is neither urgent nor directly related to patient care. Therefore, A is the correct choice for being the most critical task in the ABC system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Biofeedback. Biofeedback is a type of CAM that involves using electronic devices to help individuals gain awareness and control over physiological processes, such as heart rate and muscle tension. In this case, the older adult is using imagery as a form of biofeedback to alter the dysrhythmia. Ayurveda (A) and Dosha (B) are traditional Indian systems of medicine based on balancing bodily energies, not directly related to using imagery for heart rhythm control. Homeopathy (C) is a system of alternative medicine based on the concept that "like cures like" and uses highly diluted substances, not imagery or biofeedback techniques.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clara Maas. Clara Maas died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoes to provide care during the Spanish-American War. This is correct because Clara Maas was a real historical figure known for her selfless dedication to nursing and her sacrifice to help others. Florence Nightingale (A) is renowned for her work in nursing during the Crimean War, but she did not die from acquiring yellow fever. Margaret Hoolihan (B) and Sairy Gamp (D) are fictional characters and not relevant to the historical context of the Spanish-American War.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it aligns with the ANA's recommendations for high-quality safe staffing. The nursing process involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, which are essential for achieving safe patient outcomes. By allowing RNs enough time to apply this process, they can make informed decisions that promote quality care. Choice A is incorrect because patient needs can fluctuate throughout the shift, so staffing levels must be flexible to adapt to changing demands. Choice C is incorrect as patient acuity levels may require more RNs to provide complex care, rather than relying solely on unlicensed personnel. Choice D is incorrect as having adequate RN staffing is crucial for patient safety and outcomes, and cutting RN numbers for cost-effectiveness can compromise care quality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: participatory. This is because the nurse managers are actively involved in designing their unit budgets to meet the established goals set by the executive administrative leaders. In a participatory budgeting approach, input and collaboration from lower-level managers or staff members are encouraged, allowing for a more inclusive and bottom-up decision-making process. This approach fosters ownership, accountability, and transparency in budget planning. Summary of other choices: A: top-down - This approach involves setting budget goals and directives from the top management without much input or involvement from lower-level managers. Not applicable in this scenario. C: iterative - This approach involves making continuous adjustments and refinements to the budget based on feedback and performance data. Not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. D: incremental - This approach involves making small adjustments to the previous budget period. While there may be some incremental changes, the scenario emphasizes a more collaborative process involving nurse managers, making this choice less suitable.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the pandemic of H1N1 "swine flu." This is because the H1N1 flu pandemic was a global health concern directly linked to globalization due to the rapid spread of the virus across borders. The emergence of epidemic hepatitis A (choice A) is not directly tied to globalization. The reemergence of polio (choice C) is more associated with gaps in vaccination coverage rather than globalization. An increase in chronic illnesses (choice D) can be influenced by various factors, but it is not specifically a result of globalization in the context of this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Answer A: Signing a union authorization card authorizes the union to serve as the nurse's legal representative in labor negotiations and other matters. By signing, the nurse is indicating consent for the union to act on their behalf. This is a crucial step in the unionization process. Summary of Other Choices: B: Requesting additional information about collective bargaining does not require signing a union authorization card. C: Sharing information about grievances does not necessarily require signing a union authorization card. D: Deducting union dues from pay is a separate process that typically requires a separate authorization form, not the union authorization card.