Nurse Tristan is caring for a male client in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, hyperkalemia. In acute renal failure, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively, leading to elevated levels in the blood. Hypertonic glucose with insulin helps shift potassium into the cells, reducing blood levels. Sodium bicarbonate can also help by correcting acidosis, which can worsen hyperkalemia. A: Hypernatremia involves high sodium levels, treated with fluid restriction or diuretics. B: Hypokalemia is low potassium levels, treated with potassium supplementation. D: Hypercalcemia is high calcium levels, treated with hydration and medications to lower calcium levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because calling up the latest electrocardiogram results to check the client's progress breaches the client's confidentiality since this action involves disclosing the client's medical information to someone unauthorized to receive it. This violates the client's right to privacy and confidentiality. A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Giving a verbal report to the nurse on the telemetry unit is appropriate as it facilitates continuity of care and is within the scope of healthcare providers involved in the client's treatment. B: Notifying the on-call physician about a change in the client's condition is also essential for timely medical intervention and does not breach confidentiality. D: Updating the client's wife on his condition at his request is permissible as long as the client consents to sharing his medical information with his spouse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Correct answer (A): Paco2 of 30 mm Hg is appropriate because lowering CO2 helps reduce ICP in clients with subdural hematoma. - Incorrect answer (B): Paco2 is not indicative of oxygenation status; it measures CO2 levels. - Incorrect answer (C): Paco2 of 30 mm Hg is low, not normal. - Incorrect answer (D): Paco2 of 30 mm Hg indicates hyperventilation, not hypoventilation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates an understanding of the dosing schedule for both medications. Fludrocortisone acetate is usually taken in the morning to mimic the body's natural cortisol release, while hydrocortisone is typically taken in divided doses throughout the day to prevent adrenal insufficiency. Option C shows the client plans to take two-thirds of the dose in the morning and one-third in the late afternoon, aligning with the recommended dosing schedule. Option A is incorrect because taking hydrocortisone in the late afternoon is not ideal for mimicking the body's natural cortisol release. Option B is incorrect as taking all hydrocortisone in the morning may lead to suboptimal control of adrenal insufficiency throughout the day. Option D is incorrect because taking the entire dose at bedtime does not align with the recommended dosing schedules for these medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium and phosphorous. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Calcium and phosphorous are essential minerals for bone health and strength. Calcium is a major component of bone tissue, while phosphorous plays a key role in bone mineralization. A deficiency in either of these electrolytes can lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures. Sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes do not directly contribute to bone health in the same way that calcium and phosphorous do. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the electrolytes crucial for bone health.