Nurse Sarah expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which other laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Below-normal serum potassium level. In HHNS, there is severe hyperglycemia leading to osmotic diuresis and dehydration. As a result, potassium is lost in the urine, causing hypokalemia. This can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Elevated serum acetone level (A) and serum ketone bodies (B) are typically seen in diabetic ketoacidosis, not in HHNS. Serum alkalosis (C) is not commonly associated with HHNS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal dysfunction. Neurologic complications in multiple myeloma often manifest as renal dysfunction due to the deposition of abnormal proteins in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. This can result in symptoms like proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and ultimately renal failure. The other choices, brain (A), muscle spasm (B), and myocardial irritability (D), are less likely to be directly associated with neurologic complications of multiple myeloma. Brain involvement in MM is rare, muscle spasms are not a common neurologic complication, and myocardial irritability is more related to cardiac function rather than neurologic complications in MM.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The term "blue bloater" refers to a male client with chronic obstructive bronchitis. This is because chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by chronic bronchial inflammation leading to cyanosis (blue) and bloating due to fluid retention. ARDS is characterized by severe respiratory failure, not consistent with the symptoms of a blue bloater. Asthma typically presents with wheezing and reversible airway obstruction, not bloating. Emphysema is characterized by shortness of breath and barrel chest, but not necessarily blue discoloration or bloating.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm typically presents with severe lower back pain due to the leakage of blood into the abdomen, leading to irritation of surrounding tissues. Decreased blood pressure is a result of significant blood loss from the rupture. Decreased RBC count occurs due to hemolysis and loss of red blood cells into the abdominal cavity. Increased WBC count is a response to inflammation and infection resulting from the rupture. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical presentation of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The symptoms described in these choices do not accurately reflect the clinical manifestations associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the superego acts as the censoring portion of the mind, regulating behaviors based on moral and ethical standards. It's responsible for enforcing societal norms and values, leading to feelings of guilt or shame when these are violated. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the superego is not primarily focused on defense mechanisms, impulsivity, or decision-making processes. It is more concerned with moral judgments and self-control.