Nurse Sandy selected a framework which focuses " that humans are in constant relationship with stressors in the environment and that nursing is keeping the patient's system adjust to wellness which is BEST reflected in _______.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neuman's adaptation model, also known as the Neuman Systems Model, is a nursing theory that focuses on how individuals respond to stressors in their environment. The model views individuals as being in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium, where they are interacting with stressors that can disrupt their normal functioning. Nursing care, according to this model, is aimed at helping individuals maintain or restore their optimal level of wellness by assisting them in adapting to these stressors. Therefore, Nurse Sandy's selection of a framework that emphasizes the constant relationship between humans and stressors in the environment aligns best with Neuman's adaptation model.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for managing hepatic encephalopathy in this patient receiving palliative care for end-stage liver disease is to administer lactulose or other ammonia-lowering agents to reduce ammonia levels. Hepatic encephalopathy is believed to be primarily caused by the accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream due to compromised liver function. Lactulose works by acidifying the gut lumen, which facilitates the excretion of ammonia in the form of ammonium ions. By reducing ammonia levels, hepatic encephalopathy symptoms, such as confusion and altered mental status, can be improved. Initiating other supportive measures like managing precipitating factors, maintaining hydration, and addressing nutritional issues should also be part of the holistic approach in managing hepatic encephalopathy in palliative care. However, addressing the underlying cause by reducing ammonia levels with lactulose is the priority intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The presentation described is characteristic of a parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid adenomas are benign neoplasms that can present as painless, well-defined nodules usually located in the lower pole of the thyroid gland or in close proximity, such as the lateral aspect of the neck above the clavicle. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of a parathyroid adenoma typically reveals polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, often referred to as chief cells. This is key in differentiating it from other conditions mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Unstable angina is characterized by chest pain at rest, which is not relieved by nitroglycerin. The ECG findings in unstable angina typically show ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion. It is considered a medical emergency as it can progress to a myocardial infarction. Stable angina, on the other hand, is chest pain or discomfort that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest or medications like nitroglycerin. Acute myocardial infarction would typically present with ST-segment elevation on ECG, while Prinzmetal's angina is characterized by transient ST-segment elevation due to coronary artery vasospasm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Phenomenology is the qualitative method that attempts to construct the meaning of the lived experience of human phenomena. It focuses on understanding and describing individual experiences as they are lived and perceived by the person. Phenomenological research aims to uncover the essence or fundamental elements of a phenomenon by exploring the subjective experiences and perspectives of participants without imposing preconceived theories or assumptions. In essence, phenomenology seeks to capture the subjective reality and consciousness of individuals in their everyday lives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Providing means to evaluate services is the most appropriate measure to ensure patient satisfaction with the delivery of health services. This can be done through patient surveys, feedback forms, or other evaluation methods. By systematically collecting and analyzing feedback from patients, healthcare providers can assess the quality of their services, identify areas for improvement, and address any concerns or issues raised by patients. This proactive approach allows for continuous monitoring and improvement of the healthcare services provided, leading to enhanced patient satisfaction and overall quality of care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation with recurrent episodes of vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus triggered by head movements, along with a positive Dix-Hallpike maneuver eliciting positional vertigo and rotary nystagmus, is classic for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). BPPV is the most common cause of vertigo due to a mechanical problem in the inner ear. In BPPV, brief episodes of vertigo are typically triggered by specific head movements, such as rolling over in bed or looking up. The characteristic rotary nystagmus observed in BPPV is consistent with the brief, intense episodes of vertigo that patients experience. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver, commonly used to diagnose BPPV, involves moving the patient from sitting to a supine head-hanging position and can induce vertigo and nystagmus in affected

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Crisis intervention is an important part of secondary prevention in the care of families. Secondary prevention involves activities that aim to reduce the impact of a crisis or event that has already occurred. Crisis intervention provides immediate support and strategies to help families cope with and overcome a crisis situation. By addressing the crisis quickly and effectively, secondary prevention can help prevent further negative outcomes and promote the well-being of the family members.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Incident reports (IR) are filed in the Records Section of the hospital. It is important for incident reports to be kept in the Records Section for various reasons. By being filed in the hospital's official records, incident reports are included in the hospital's documentation of events, which is crucial for legal and quality improvement purposes. Placing IRs in the Records Section ensures that they are accessible to relevant personnel who may need to refer to them in the future for investigations, audits, or further actions related to the incidents. Keeping incident reports in a centralized location like the Records Section also helps in standardizing the process of documenting and tracking incidents, maintaining consistency and accountability within the healthcare facility.