Nurse Raymond is handling a group of student nurses and he is teaching them about fluids and electrolytes. He is correct when he says that a substance moves from an area of higher concentration, this is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the context of fluids and electrolytes, this process plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of these substances in the body. Nurse Raymond is correct in stating that diffusion is the mechanism by which substances move down their concentration gradient. Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, filtration is the process of separating substances based on size through a filtering mechanism, and active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose is appropriate for the nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine. Monitoring vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, is essential to assess the client's response to opioid therapy. Baseline vital signs provide a comparison for evaluating changes in the client's physical status and help identify any adverse effects or complications related to morphine administration. This proactive approach allows the nurse to detect and address any abnormalities promptly, ensuring the client's safety and optimal pain management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oral candidiasis, also known as thrush, is a yeastlike fungal infection of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It is relatively common in newborns, as their immune systems are still developing and can be easily affected by the overgrowth of Candida fungi. Thrush can present as white patches or plaques on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks. It is important to treat oral thrush to prevent any discomfort for the newborn and potential complications such as difficulty feeding or spreading of the infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Washing your feet in hot water is not recommended as it can actually worsen diabetic foot conditions. Hot water can lead to burns and damage the skin, especially for individuals with reduced sensation in their feet due to diabetes. It is advised to wash feet in warm water instead, avoiding hot temperatures to prevent injuries and complications. The other options provide important aspects of diabetic foot care such as wearing appropriate shoes, trimming toenails carefully, and being mindful of footwear choices to protect the feet.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Brain myelinization continues beyond 8 years.