ATI RN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Raymond is giving instructions to an elderly client on diabetic foot care. Which teaching is not part of foot care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Washing your feet in hot water is not recommended for diabetic foot care as it can increase the risk of burns and skin damage due to reduced sensitivity and circulation in the feet. Instead, it is advised to wash your feet in warm water, not hot, and to thoroughly dry them, especially in between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.
Question 2 of 5
Mr. Santos a 59-year old businessman was diagnosed with angina pectoris. The nurse understands that the cause of angina pectoris is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort caused by a temporary lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium). This lack of blood supply results in a decreased supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain. This condition is commonly associated with coronary artery disease, where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium. This oxygen deficit can trigger chest pain, which is characteristic of angina pectoris. Therefore, the cause of angina pectoris is the inadequate supply of oxygen to the myocardium, making option B the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Nurse Karen is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which is a correct intervention for hyperkalemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure due to the kidneys' inability to excrete potassium efficiently. The correct intervention for hyperkalemia includes assessing the patient for muscle weakness, diarrhea, and ECG changes. Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hyperkalemia due to its effects on neuromuscular function. Diarrhea can lead to potassium loss from the gastrointestinal tract, helping to lower potassium levels. ECG changes are essential to monitor in hyperkalemia as high potassium levels can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. By identifying these signs and symptoms early, appropriate interventions can be initiated promptly, such as administering medications to lower potassium levels or adjusting the patient's diet to limit potassium intake.
Question 4 of 5
A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. One of the primary functions of the adrenal glands is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. In Addison's disease, the lack of adrenal hormones can lead to electrolyte imbalances, specifically low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Question 5 of 5
Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client care fully for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client carefully for hypocortisolism, also known as adrenal insufficiency. This is because the procedure involves removing the pituitary gland, which plays a critical role in regulating cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Without proper cortisol production, the client may develop symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, and nausea. Monitoring for signs of hypocortisolism is crucial for prompt detection and intervention to prevent adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hypercalcemia are not typically direct concerns following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.