Nurse Patricia is aware that the average length of time from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because, on average, it takes more than 10 years for HIV infection to progress to AIDS without treatment. The latency period can vary, but with advancements in treatment, people can live longer without developing AIDS. Choice A is incorrect because 5 years is too short for HIV to progress to AIDS on average. Choice B is also incorrect as it falls within the same timeframe as choice A. Choice C is incorrect as although 10 years is closer to the average, it is still not long enough for the majority of individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct first step is D: Apply gloves and assess the groin site. By applying gloves, the nurse ensures infection control. Assessing the groin site helps identify any potential bleeding or complications post-catheterization, guiding further interventions. Calling for help (A) may be necessary but assessing the site is immediate. Obtaining vital signs (B) is important but not as critical as assessing the site. Asking the client to "lift up" (C) is not appropriate before assessing the site for potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health issue before it happens. Teaching stress management techniques (Choice C) falls under this category by addressing stress before it leads to health problems. This approach targets the root cause and promotes overall well-being. Choice A (Helping the client resume self-care) focuses on rehabilitation and is considered secondary prevention. Choice B (Ensuring the safety of a suicidal client) relates to crisis intervention, which is tertiary prevention. Choice D (Case finding and surveillance) is more aligned with early detection and is also secondary prevention. In summary, teaching stress management techniques is the best example of primary prevention as it addresses the issue proactively before it escalates.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because somatoform disorders involve expressing psychological conflicts through physical symptoms. This is supported by research showing that these disorders are often linked to unresolved emotional issues manifesting as physical complaints. Choice A is incorrect because somatoform disorders are not explained by organic causes but rather by psychological factors. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests a conscious decision to express conflicts, whereas somatoform disorders are typically unconscious. Choice D is incorrect because management of somatoform disorders typically involves psychological interventions rather than specific medical treatments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intolerance to change, disturbed relatedness, stereotypes. Children with autistic disorder often struggle with changes in routine, have difficulties in forming relationships, and exhibit repetitive behaviors or fixations. Intolerance to change is a common feature due to their need for predictability and structure. Disturbed relatedness refers to challenges in social interactions and communication. Stereotypical behaviors like hand-flapping or insistence on sameness are also typical. A: Argumentativeness, disobedience, angry outburst - While children with autism may exhibit behavioral challenges, these specific manifestations are more commonly associated with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, not necessarily autistic disorder. C: Distractibility, impulsiveness, and overactivity - These symptoms are characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rather than autistic disorder. D: Aggression, truancy, stealing, lying - While some children with autism may display aggression or difficulties with honesty, truancy, and