ATI RN
Pediatric Research Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Nancy is assessing a child with pyloric stenosis; she is likely to note which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where there is a tightening of the muscle at the outlet of the stomach, causing obstruction of food passage into the small intestine. One of the hallmark symptoms of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, in which the vomit is forceful and shoots out a significant distance. This distinguishes it from regular regurgitation or spitting up, which are more common in infants for other reasons. Nurse Nancy would likely note this symptom while assessing a child with pyloric stenosis.
Question 2 of 5
Obstruction of the airway in the patient with asthma is caused by all of the following except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obstruction of the airway in a patient with asthma is primarily caused by inflammation and narrowing of the airways due to a combination of factors such as thick mucus, swelling of bronchial membranes, and contraction of muscles surrounding the bronchi. Destruction of the alveolar wall is not a direct cause of airway obstruction in asthma patients; alveolar wall destruction is typically associated with conditions like emphysema. In asthma, the primary mechanisms contributing to airway obstruction are related to inflammation, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction.
Question 3 of 5
A one month old infant is admitted for confirmation of the diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. During the initial admission assessment, the nurse would expect to find:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect where there is an abnormal opening between the two ventricles of the heart. One of the hallmark signs of VSD is the presence of a murmur, specifically a holosystolic murmur, which is typically heard best at the left sternal border due to the turbulent blood flow through the defect. This murmur is a key finding during the initial assessment of a patient with a suspected VSD. Other common symptoms of VSD include poor feeding, failure to thrive, tachypnea, and frequent respiratory infections.
Question 4 of 5
Chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are sometimes used to treat JRA. Why are these medications used?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents like methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are used to treat Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) because they work by suppressing the immune system. In JRA, the immune system is overactive and attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and joint damage. By suppressing immune system activity, these medications can help reduce inflammation and prevent further joint damage in patients with JRA.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who has been diagnosed with acquired hypothyroidism. The parents ask the nurse for information on the disorder. Which of the following should the nurse include in the information given to the parents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. In treating acquired hypothyroidism, the primary intervention is to provide thyroid hormone replacement therapy to supplement the body's low levels of thyroid hormone. This is typically done through medication, such as levothyroxine, which helps to restore normal thyroid hormone levels in the body. The replacement drug helps alleviate symptoms and prevent complications associated with hypothyroidism, ensuring the child's overall health and well-being.