ATI RN
ADPIE Nursing Process Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hepatitis A is caused by a virus from the Picornaviridae family, not the enterovirus family. Hepatitis A spreads through contaminated food or water, not through sexual contact. It is true that hepatitis A occurs worldwide in areas with poor sanitation, but the virus is not from the enterovirus family. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they all pertain to hepatitis A characteristics.
Question 2 of 5
Marichu is admitted to the hospital because of hepatic failure and was prescribed with lactulose (Duphalac). The primary action of this drug is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: decrease resident intestinal flora. Lactulose is a synthetic sugar that is not absorbed in the intestine and is used to decrease ammonia levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy by promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that help metabolize ammonia. This action helps reduce the toxic effects of ammonia on the brain. A: prevent constipation - Lactulose may help with constipation, but its primary action in this scenario is to decrease resident intestinal flora. C: increase intestinal peristalsis - Lactulose does not directly increase peristalsis. D: prevent portal hypertension - Lactulose does not have a direct effect on preventing portal hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year old female diabetic is displaying signs of irritability and irrational behavior during an office visit. The nurse observes visible tremors in the client’s hands. based on the client’s history and the nurse’s understanding of diabetes mellitus, the nurse interprets these findings to be signs of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: hypoglycemia. In a diabetic patient, signs of irritability, irrational behavior, and visible tremors in the hands indicate low blood sugar levels, which is hypoglycemia. This is because the brain relies on glucose for energy, and when blood sugar levels drop too low, it can lead to neuroglycopenic symptoms such as confusion and tremors. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: hyperglycemia - High blood sugar levels typically present with symptoms such as frequent urination, increased thirst, and fatigue, not irritability and tremors. B: hyperglycemic hyperosmolar - This condition is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels and severe dehydration, leading to symptoms such as extreme thirst and confusion, not irritability and tremors. C: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) nonketosis (HHNK) - These conditions are associated with high blood sugar levels and metabolic disturbances,
Question 4 of 5
A client who was diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client’s blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arm and leg trembling. With a blood glucose level of 470 mg/dl in a client with type I diabetes mellitus, the most likely finding is arm and leg trembling, which is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. This occurs due to the body's response to low blood sugar levels, causing tremors as a compensatory mechanism to increase glucose utilization. The other choices are incorrect because cool, moist skin is a sign of hypoglycemia, rapid thready pulse is a sign of shock or hypovolemia, and slow shallow respirations are not typically associated with high blood glucose levels in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following risk factors for diabetes mellitus is nonmodifiable?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define nonmodifiable risk factors - these are factors that cannot be changed or controlled by the individual. Step 2: Advanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor as it is determined by genetics and time. Step 3: Poor control of blood glucose levels, foot trauma, and inappropriate foot care are modifiable risk factors that can be managed through lifestyle changes or medical interventions. Summary: Choice D is correct because advanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus, while the other choices involve factors that can be modified through appropriate actions.