ATI RN
Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement A is incorrect because hepatitis A is not caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family. Instead, hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A can be transmitted through close personal contact and sexual contact. While hepatitis A occurs worldwide, it is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding.
Question 2 of 5
Marichu is admitted to the hospital because of hepatic failure and was prescribed with lactulose (Duphalac). The primary action of this drug is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose (Duphalac) is a synthetic sugar that is not absorbed in the small intestine but is broken down by bacteria in the colon into short-chain fatty acids and low molecular weight organic acids. The primary action of lactulose is to decrease resident intestinal flora. This reduces the production of ammonia in the colon and leads to acidification of the colonic contents. By doing so, lactulose helps in treating hepatic encephalopathy, a condition associated with hepatic failure where ammonia levels are elevated in the body. It works by promoting the excretion of ammonia through the stool, thereby reducing the toxic effects of ammonia on the brain.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year old female diabetic is displaying signs of irritability and irrational behavior during an office visit. The nurse observes visible tremors in the client's hands. based on the client's history and the nurse's understanding of diabetes mellitus, the nurse interprets these findings to be signs of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The signs of irritability, irrational behavior, and visible tremors in the hands observed in the 45-year old female diabetic suggest hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop below normal levels, causing the body and brain to receive inadequate fuel. This leads to symptoms like irritability, irrational behavior, and tremors, which are signs of the brain not receiving enough glucose for proper functioning. In diabetic patients, particularly those on medications like insulin or certain oral hypoglycemic agents, hypoglycemia can occur if they take too much medication, skip meals, or engage in excessive physical activity without adjusting their treatment regimen. Immediate treatment for hypoglycemia usually involves consuming a rapid source of sugar, such as glucose tablets, juice, or candy, to quickly raise blood sugar levels back to normal range.
Question 4 of 5
A client who was diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 470 mg/dl indicates severe hyperglycemia in a client with type I diabetes mellitus. Arm and leg trembling, known as tremors, is a common symptom associated with high blood glucose levels. Tremors are often a result of the body's stress response to the extreme levels of glucose in the blood. Other common symptoms of hyperglycemia include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and fatigue. Cool, moist skin, rapid, thready pulse, and slow, shallow respirations are not typically associated with hyperglycemia and are more indicative of other conditions or clinical situations.
Question 5 of 5
A client is being returned to the room after a subtotal thyroidectomy. Which piece of equipment is most important for the nurse to keep at the client's bedside?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following a subtotal thyroidectomy, there is a risk of airway compromise and difficulty breathing due to the close proximity of the surgical site to the trachea. In case of swelling or other complications leading to airway obstruction, having a tracheostomy set readily available at the client's bedside is crucial for quick and efficient management of any respiratory distress. This equipment allows the healthcare team to establish a secure airway if needed, ensuring the client's safety and minimizing the risk of respiratory compromise post-operatively. The other equipment choices are important but having a tracheostomy set is the most critical for this particular situation to address potential airway issues promptly.