Nurse Maureen is talking to a male client, the client begins choking on his lunch. He's coughing forcefully. The nurse should:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the client is coughing forcefully, which indicates that he is still able to clear his airway on his own. By staying with him but not intervening at this time, the nurse can monitor his condition and be ready to intervene if the choking worsens. Standing him up or laying him down to perform the abdominal thrust maneuver can potentially make the situation worse if the client is still able to cough and clear his airway. Leaving him to get assistance is not appropriate as the nurse should stay with the client to provide support and monitor the situation. Straddling him to perform the maneuver is also not recommended as it can be intimidating and may not be necessary if the client is managing to cough.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Keep the stoma moist." This is because keeping the stoma moist helps prevent dryness and irritation, promotes healing, and helps maintain the patency of the airway. Moisture also aids in preventing crust formation, which can obstruct the airway. A: "Keep the stoma uncovered" is incorrect as covering the stoma helps protect it from debris and infection. B: "Keep the stoma dry" is incorrect as moisture is necessary for proper healing and to prevent blockages. C: "Have a family member perform stoma care initially until you get used to the procedure" is incorrect as the client should learn how to perform stoma care themselves for independence and self-care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes the importance of obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium from a variety of foods. Calcium is essential for bone health and can be found in dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and fortified foods. This teaching point promotes a balanced and healthy diet as a natural way to prevent osteoporosis. Choice A is incorrect because routine X-rays are not recommended for detecting bone loss in osteoporosis. Choice B is incorrect as regular exercise, including weight-bearing and resistance training, is beneficial for bone health and can help prevent fractures. Choice D is incorrect as it is possible to meet the daily calcium requirement through dietary sources without necessarily needing a calcium supplement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: colchicine. Colchicine is the medication of choice for treating acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joints. Aspirin (A) can worsen gout by increasing uric acid levels. Furosemide (B) can also exacerbate gout by raising uric acid levels. Calcium gluconate (D) is not used in gout treatment. Therefore, colchicine is the most appropriate choice for the client with gout.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is elevated in clients who smoke but is not a reliable general indicator of cancer. Smoking can increase CEA levels due to inflammation and irritation of the respiratory tract, leading to false positives. Acid phosphatase (A) is associated with prostate cancer, serum calcitonin (B) with medullary thyroid cancer, and alkaline phosphatase (C) with liver or bone diseases. Therefore, they are not elevated solely due to smoking.