Nurse Lina gives discharge instructions to Aling Maria, who is experiencing an exacerbation of COPD because of an upper respiratory tract infection, regarding her diet at home. Which of the following food choices would be appropriate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A patient experiencing an exacerbation of COPD, especially due to an infection, requires a diet that is high in calories and protein. This is because during exacerbations, the body's energy requirements increase due to increased work of breathing and inflammation. High-calorie intake helps provide the necessary energy for breathing and healing. Additionally, a high-protein diet is important for maintaining respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, which can be affected during exacerbations of COPD. Therefore, a high-calorie high-protein diet would be most appropriate for Aling Maria to support her recovery and overall health during this period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. If a client with SIADH does not comply with the recommended treatment of diuretic therapy and fluid/sodium restriction, there will be continued water retention, resulting in further dilution of sodium levels in the blood (hyponatremia). Severe hyponatremia can lead to cerebral edema, which is a life-threatening complication associated with neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, and potentially coma. Therefore, it is important for the client to follow the prescribed treatment to prevent the development of cerebral edema and other serious complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular follow-up care is crucial after a thyroidectomy for Grave's disease to monitor the patient's thyroid hormone levels, assess for signs of complications such as hypothyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, and ensure appropriate management of any related conditions. Routine follow-up visits with healthcare providers allow for ongoing assessment and adjustment of medications, as well as addressing any concerns the patient may have post-surgery. By emphasizing the importance of regular follow-up care, the healthcare team can provide necessary support and guidance to the patient throughout their recovery process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70mg/dl. When a client is experiencing hypoglycemia, it means their blood sugar is lower than the normal range and can lead to symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. It is important for nurses to recognize and treat hypoglycemia promptly to prevent serious complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For J.E., who suffered head injuries in a motor vehicle accident, appropriate nursing interventions should focus on holistic care to prevent complications and promote recovery. Option A includes skin care and position changes every 2 hours (q2h) and as needed, which is crucial for preventing pressure injuries in the immobile patient. Maintaining alignment of extremities helps prevent muscle contractures. Respiratory exercises are essential for preventing atelectasis and improving lung function in patients at risk for pneumonia due to decreased mobility. These interventions address the immediate needs of the patient and aim to prevent further complications related to immobility and head injury. Options B, C, and D lack the comprehensive approach to care provided in option A, making it the most appropriate choice for J.E.