Nurse Karen is providing postoperative care for Dustin who has cleft palate (CP); she should position the child in which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When providing postoperative care for a child with cleft palate (CP), nurse Karen should position the child in the supine position. This position allows for proper airway management and helps prevent aspiration. Placing the child in the supine position also aids in monitoring respiratory status and reducing the risk of complications post-surgery. It is important to maintain proper positioning to ensure the child's safety and comfort during the recovery period.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause a variety of symptoms, including seizures, nausea, and vomiting. When the pressure inside the skull rises, it can put pressure on the brain tissue, leading to changes in normal brain function. Seizures may occur as a result of the altered brain activity. Nausea and vomiting can also be triggered by increased ICP, as the body's natural response to the disturbance in the brain's normal functioning. Therefore, all of the listed options (seizure, nausea, vomiting) can be caused by increased intracranial pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most common congenital heart disease is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). VSD is a heart condition present at birth where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially causing complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. VSD can be classified as an acyanotic heart defect with a left to right shunt. Treatment options for VSD include monitoring, medications, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The goal of therapy for scoliosis is to limit or stop the progression of the curvature. This can involve a combination of treatments such as bracing, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. By addressing the curvature early and implementing appropriate interventions, healthcare providers aim to prevent further worsening of the spinal deformity and improve the long-term outcomes for the child. Minimizing the progression of scoliosis is crucial to prevent complications such as back pain, breathing difficulties, and cosmetic concerns. Therefore, educating the family on the importance of therapy in limiting or stopping the curvature progression is a key aspect of managing scoliosis in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Communicating hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus where there is no obstruction to the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but rather a malfunction or malformation of the arachnoid villi, which are responsible for the reabsorption of CSF. In communicating hydrocephalus, the flow of CSF within the ventricular system is disrupted, leading to an accumulation of fluid and resulting in increased intracranial pressure.