ATI RN
Psychobiologic Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Janet is aware that the symptoms that distinguish post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from anxiety disorders include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of psychobiologic disorders, it is crucial for nurses like Janet to understand the distinct features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to anxiety disorders. The correct answer, option D, "Re-experiencing the trauma in dreams or flashback," is characteristic of PTSD. This symptom involves individuals involuntarily reliving the traumatic event, which is a hallmark feature of PTSD. Option A, avoiding situations and certain activities resembling stress, is more indicative of anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia or specific phobias, where individuals actively avoid triggers to reduce anxiety. Option B, demonstrating a blunted affect when discussing traumatic situations, is more aligned with symptoms of depression rather than differentiating PTSD from anxiety disorders. Option C, having a minimum interest in family and others, is a vague and nonspecific symptom that is not specifically associated with PTSD. Understanding these distinctions is vital for nurses to accurately assess and provide appropriate care for patients with psychobiologic disorders. By recognizing specific symptoms unique to PTSD, nurses can offer targeted interventions and support to help individuals manage their condition effectively.
Question 2 of 5
An elderly patient explains to the nurse that while weeding his garden, he was suddenly startled by a 6-foot non-poisonous snake. He immediately displayed extreme fear and suddenly had a burst of energy and ran from the snake. The nurse realizes that this client is describing which of the following stages identified in GAS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Crisis. In this scenario, the elderly patient experienced a sudden onset of extreme fear when faced with the snake, followed by a burst of energy to flee the situation. This aligns with the crisis stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model proposed by Hans Selye. In the GAS model, the three stages are alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. The crisis stage is a part of the alarm reaction phase, where the body mobilizes its resources to deal with a perceived threat. This response includes the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the fight-or-flight response seen in the patient's reaction to the snake. Option A) Exhaustion is incorrect because exhaustion is the final stage of GAS, characterized by the depletion of resources after prolonged stress. The patient's response does not indicate exhaustion. Option B) Problem solving is incorrect as it does not align with the physiological stress response described in the scenario. The patient's reaction was more instinctual and driven by fear rather than cognitive problem-solving. Option D) Delirium is incorrect as delirium refers to a state of acute confusion and disorientation, which is not evident in the patient's description of the event. Educationally, understanding the GAS model is crucial for nurses to recognize and assess the physiological responses to stress in patients. By identifying the stage of GAS a patient is experiencing, nurses can intervene appropriately to support the individual's coping mechanisms and overall well-being.
Question 3 of 5
While observing a female patient on the oncology unit who has a secondary diagnosis of panic attacks, the nurse would expect to observe which of the following symptoms (select all that apply):
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Ritualistic behavior. When a patient with a secondary diagnosis of panic attacks is observed, the nurse may expect to see ritualistic behaviors. This is because individuals experiencing panic attacks may engage in repetitive behaviors or rituals as a way to cope with their anxiety and regain a sense of control. Option A) Nausea and option B) Diaphoresis are commonly associated with anxiety and panic attacks; however, they are not necessarily indicative of panic attacks in this specific case. These symptoms can be present in various medical conditions and may not be specific to panic attacks. Option D) Increased pulse is also a common physical symptom of panic attacks, but it is not specific to individuals with a secondary diagnosis of panic attacks on an oncology unit. Educationally, understanding the manifestations of panic attacks in individuals with co-existing medical conditions like cancer is crucial for nurses working in oncology settings. Recognizing unique symptom presentations can lead to appropriate interventions and support for patients experiencing both physical and psychological distress. It also emphasizes the importance of holistic care and the interconnectedness of physical and psychological health in patient care.
Question 4 of 5
You are admitting a new patient who is depressed. Your initial contact should do what?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of admitting a new patient who is depressed, establishing trust is the most critical initial step. This is because building trust forms the foundation for effective communication, rapport, and ultimately, successful treatment outcomes. By establishing trust, the healthcare provider creates a safe and supportive environment where the patient feels comfortable sharing their feelings, thoughts, and concerns. Addressing why the patient is depressed (Option A) is important, but it should come after trust has been established. Jumping straight into discussing the reasons for depression without building a trusting relationship can make the patient feel misunderstood or judged, hindering effective communication and therapeutic progress. Keeping communication open (Option B) is essential, but it is a broader concept that encompasses aspects like active listening, empathy, and providing support. However, without trust, the patient may not feel comfortable engaging in open communication. Lifting the patient's spirits (Option C) is a well-intentioned approach, but it may come across as dismissive if not done in a context of understanding and empathy. Simply trying to cheer up a depressed individual without addressing the underlying issues can be perceived as trivializing their condition. In an educational context, understanding the significance of establishing trust in the therapeutic relationship is fundamental for healthcare providers, especially when working with individuals experiencing psychobiologic disorders like depression. It sets the tone for effective assessment, treatment planning, and ongoing support, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes and overall well-being.
Question 5 of 5
Your patient takes tranylcypromine for depression. Which of the following is most likely to indicate dietary restrictions have not been followed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypertensive crisis. Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat depression. MAOIs have significant dietary restrictions due to their potential to interact with certain foods that contain tyramine, leading to a hypertensive crisis. Foods like aged cheese, cured meats, and some beverages need to be avoided to prevent this dangerous interaction. Option B) Syncope, and Option C) Muscle spasms are less likely to be directly related to dietary restrictions in the context of taking tranylcypromine. Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness, often due to a drop in blood pressure or inadequate blood flow to the brain. Muscle spasms can be caused by various factors, but they are not typically associated with dietary restrictions related to MAOI use. Option D) Increased depression is also less likely to be a direct result of not following dietary restrictions with tranylcypromine. While diet can impact mental health, the immediate concern with MAOIs like tranylcypromine is the risk of a hypertensive crisis due to tyramine-containing foods. Educationally, understanding the dietary restrictions associated with specific medications is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety. In the case of MAOIs, reinforcing the importance of adhering to dietary guidelines can prevent potentially life-threatening complications like hypertensive crises. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals provide comprehensive care and support to patients taking psychobiologic medications.