Nurse Dennis provides health promotion to a group of male adults. He is correct when he states that clients with cirrhosis should include which measure to adhere to a home?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Clients with cirrhosis, which is a serious liver condition, should avoid or limit their alcohol intake. Alcohol can worsen liver damage and lead to further complications such as liver failure. Nurse Dennis is correct in advising clients with cirrhosis to adhere to this measure in order to promote their health and reduce the progression of the disease. Taking daily multivitamins can be beneficial for some individuals, but limiting alcohol intake is crucial for those with cirrhosis. Taking sleeping pills at home without medical supervision can also be dangerous, as it may interact with other medications and worsen liver function. Limiting contact at all times is not relevant to managing cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epinephrine is the medication of choice for anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and other serious symptoms. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse these symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing the muscles in the airways, and increasing heart rate. It is administered via an auto-injector device, such as an EpiPen, in cases of severe allergic reactions. Other medications, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, may be given as adjunct therapy, but epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Thus, the nurse should anticipate that epinephrine would be ordered for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Streptococcus viridans is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis. This group of bacteria consists of various species, including S. sanguinis and S. mutans, which normally reside in the oral cavity and are commonly associated with endocarditis following dental procedures. Streptococcus viridans can enter the bloodstream due to dental work, oral infections, or trauma to the oral tissues, and cause infective endocarditis by adhering to damaged heart valves or endocardium. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species are other common pathogens associated with endocarditis, but Streptococcus viridans remains the most prevalent causative agent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to decrease pulmonary capillary pressure. By reducing pulmonary capillary pressure, morphine helps to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery, leading to improved oxygenation and decreased symptoms of pulmonary edema. Morphine works to vasodilate the blood vessels, which ultimately helps decrease the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, allowing for improved blood flow to the periphery of the lungs. This redistribution of pulmonary circulation helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid buildup in the lungs that occurs in acute pulmonary edema.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct information that the nurse should include in the teaching is that clothing should always fit loosely over the harness. This is important to prevent restriction of movement and ensure comfort for the child wearing the Pavlik harness. Tight clothing can cause discomfort, skin irritation, and interfere with the effectiveness of the harness in positioning the hip properly. Parents should be advised to choose clothing that is loose-fitting and does not put pressure on the harness or the child's skin.