Nurse Danny has been teaching a client about a high-protein diet. The teaching is successful if the client identifies which meal as high in protein?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A high-protein diet emphasizes foods rich in amino acids for tissue repair, muscle maintenance, or recovery. Baked beans, hamburger, and milk (Choice A) are protein powerhouses: beans (7-10 g/cup), hamburger (20-25 g/patty), and milk (8 g/cup) total over 35 g per meal, far exceeding others. Spaghetti with cream sauce, broccoli, and tea (Choice B) leans carbohydrate-heavy (pasta), with broccoli offering minimal protein (3 g/cup) and tea none. Bouillon, spinach, and soda (Choice C) provide negligible proteinspinach has 5 g/cup, but bouillon and soda contribute little. Chicken cutlet, spinach, and soda (Choice D) include protein from chicken (25-30 g), but spinach and soda add little, totaling less than Choice A. For a client needing 50-60 g daily, Choice A's variety and quantity signal successful teaching, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exercise impacts sleep via arousal and body temperature effects, and timing matters. 'Exercise within 2 hours of bedtime can hinder ability to sleep' is correct; it raises heart rate, adrenaline, and core temperaturee.g., a 7 p.m. run might delay sleep onset from 10 p.m. to midnightcountering melatonin's cooling effect. Choice A, 'exercise immediately before bedtime enhances ability to sleep,' is false; while exercise generally aids sleep, late timing stimulates, not sedates, per sleep research (e.g., ACSM guidelines). Choice C, 'the time of day does not matter,' ignores circadian rhythm; morning or afternoon exercise (e.g., 3 p.m.) boosts sleep quality without delay. Choice D, 'the fatigue from exercise may be a hindrance,' misattributes; fatigue aids sleep if timed right (e.g., 5 p.m.). Nurses teach patients to finish vigorous activity 3-4 hours before bed, per Taylor, making Choice B the correct guidance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Narcolepsy, a neurological disorder, disrupts sleep-wake regulation due to orexin loss. 'Uncontrollable desire to sleep' is its hallmarke.g., sudden sleep attacks lasting 10-30 minutes, even mid-conversationper DSM-5. 'Waking during sleep' is vague; narcolepsy involves cataplexy or hallucinations, not just waking. 'Restless leg syndrome' causes leg discomfort, unrelated to narcolepsy's sleepinesse.g., no daytime attacks. 'Decrease in the amount or quality of sleep' fits insomnia; narcoleptics sleep enough but fragmentedlye.g., 8 hours feel unrestful. A nurse might note a patient dozing during an exam, per Taylor's description of hypersomnia disorders. Choice C captures narcolepsy's defining trait correctly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sleep deprivation's health impacts are well-studied. 'Obesity' is confirmed; insufficient sleepe.g., <6 hours vs. 7-9disrupts ghrelin/leptin, increasing appetitee.g., 300 extra calories dailyper NIH research cited in Taylor. 'Anxiety' rises with sleep losse.g., amygdala overactivitybut isn't as universally confirmed as obesity's metabolic link. 'Diabetes' risks increasee.g., insulin resistancebut obesity often mediates this. 'Hypertension' correlatese.g., BP up 5 mmHgbut evidence is less direct than obesity's 50% risk jump in kids/adults. Sleep loss' hormonal chaose.g., cortisol spikesdrives weight gain, making Choice A the correct, most established condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute pain's protective role lies in its signaling function. 'It warns an individual of tissue damage or disease' is correct because it acts as an alarme.g., a sharp stab from appendicitis prompts seeking care, per Taylor's pain physiology. This nociceptive response, via A-delta fibers, alerts the brain to injury (e.g., a burn) or pathology (e.g., infection), preventing further harm by triggering withdrawal or rest. Choice B, 'increase personal strength,' is false; pain doesn't build resilience biologicallye.g., enduring a fracture doesn't fortify bones. Choice C, 'it serves no purpose,' dismisses its evolutionary role; without pain, unnoticed injuries (e.g., cuts) could fester. Choice D, 'aids diagnosis,' is a secondary benefite.g., physicians use it to locate issuesbut not its primary protective nature, which is patient-driven. For instance, pulling a hand from a hot stove is instinctive, not diagnostic. Acute pain's immediacy contrasts chronic pain's persistence, making Choice A the correct, fundamental reason it safeguards health.